Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test
Microchannel liquid-cooled plates are widely used in high-performance electronic devices, but their heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics face complex challenges in the design process. In this paper, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate is designed, and t...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| author | Zhengchao Yang Qiufei Yao Yu Wang Junlong Gu Zhichen Yu Qipeng Li Xiaoyi Sun Xuejing Yang |
| author_facet | Zhengchao Yang Qiufei Yao Yu Wang Junlong Gu Zhichen Yu Qipeng Li Xiaoyi Sun Xuejing Yang |
| author_sort | Zhengchao Yang |
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| description | Microchannel liquid-cooled plates are widely used in high-performance electronic devices, but their heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics face complex challenges in the design process. In this paper, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate is designed, and the effects of velocity, aspect ratio, and inlet/outlet forms on its heat transfer and pressure drop performance are investigated through orthogonal tests and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the velocity plays a crucial role in determining the plate’s performance. While increasing the velocity substantially enhances heat transfer efficiency, it also causes a steep rise in pressure drop. The aspect ratio has a lesser effect on the performance than the velocity, and smaller aspect ratios help to achieve a balance between thermal and flow properties. The comprehensive optimization of the inlet and outlet forms and velocity has a significant effect on the temperature uniformity and pressure drop, and the design of the cooling fluid inlet and outlet form of CM (side inlet and middle outlet) can effectively improve the temperature distribution and reduce the pressure drop at high velocity. The design parameters with the best overall performance are the aspect ratio of 2, the velocity of 0.5 m/s, and the CM inlet/outlet form (K2V0.5CM). Comparison with other design parameter sets verified that this parameter set showed significant advantages in cooling effect, temperature uniformity, flow and heat transfer performance. Finally, the correlation equation on Nu is established, and the simulated Nu as well as the calculated Nu are compared. In this thesis, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel cold plate is designed to optimize the flow rate, channel structure and other parameters through orthogonal tests to reduce the temperature gradient and balance the heat transfer and flow resistance to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation of 350 W CPU. This study provides an important reference for the structural optimization of microchannel liquid-cooled panels and the engineering application of high-efficiency heat dissipation systems. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-52ca09304e7b4f6fbc3b6194bef33de62025-08-20T03:43:26ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-03-0115690510.3390/buildings15060905Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal TestZhengchao Yang0Qiufei Yao1Yu Wang2Junlong Gu3Zhichen Yu4Qipeng Li5Xiaoyi Sun6Xuejing Yang7College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaZhongtian Broadband Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226463, ChinaCollege of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaCollege of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaZhongtian Broadband Technology Co., Ltd., Nantong 226463, ChinaCollege of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaCollege of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaCollege of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, ChinaMicrochannel liquid-cooled plates are widely used in high-performance electronic devices, but their heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics face complex challenges in the design process. In this paper, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate is designed, and the effects of velocity, aspect ratio, and inlet/outlet forms on its heat transfer and pressure drop performance are investigated through orthogonal tests and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the velocity plays a crucial role in determining the plate’s performance. While increasing the velocity substantially enhances heat transfer efficiency, it also causes a steep rise in pressure drop. The aspect ratio has a lesser effect on the performance than the velocity, and smaller aspect ratios help to achieve a balance between thermal and flow properties. The comprehensive optimization of the inlet and outlet forms and velocity has a significant effect on the temperature uniformity and pressure drop, and the design of the cooling fluid inlet and outlet form of CM (side inlet and middle outlet) can effectively improve the temperature distribution and reduce the pressure drop at high velocity. The design parameters with the best overall performance are the aspect ratio of 2, the velocity of 0.5 m/s, and the CM inlet/outlet form (K2V0.5CM). Comparison with other design parameter sets verified that this parameter set showed significant advantages in cooling effect, temperature uniformity, flow and heat transfer performance. Finally, the correlation equation on Nu is established, and the simulated Nu as well as the calculated Nu are compared. In this thesis, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel cold plate is designed to optimize the flow rate, channel structure and other parameters through orthogonal tests to reduce the temperature gradient and balance the heat transfer and flow resistance to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation of 350 W CPU. This study provides an important reference for the structural optimization of microchannel liquid-cooled panels and the engineering application of high-efficiency heat dissipation systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/6/905microchannel liquid-cooled plateorthogonal testnumerical simulationflow velocityaspect ratioinlet and outlet forms |
| spellingShingle | Zhengchao Yang Qiufei Yao Yu Wang Junlong Gu Zhichen Yu Qipeng Li Xiaoyi Sun Xuejing Yang Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test Buildings microchannel liquid-cooled plate orthogonal test numerical simulation flow velocity aspect ratio inlet and outlet forms |
| title | Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test |
| title_full | Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test |
| title_short | Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test |
| title_sort | optimization of heat transfer and flow performance of microchannel liquid cooled plate based on orthogonal test |
| topic | microchannel liquid-cooled plate orthogonal test numerical simulation flow velocity aspect ratio inlet and outlet forms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/6/905 |
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