Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights

Abstract Radiomics has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging approach in pediatric neuro-oncology, offering the ability to extract high-dimensional quantitative features from routine MRI to support diagnosis, risk stratification, molecular characterization, and outcome prediction. Pediatric br...

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Main Authors: Pranjal Rai, Sabha Ahmed, Abhishek Mahajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Discover Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03391-5
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author Pranjal Rai
Sabha Ahmed
Abhishek Mahajan
author_facet Pranjal Rai
Sabha Ahmed
Abhishek Mahajan
author_sort Pranjal Rai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Radiomics has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging approach in pediatric neuro-oncology, offering the ability to extract high-dimensional quantitative features from routine MRI to support diagnosis, risk stratification, molecular characterization, and outcome prediction. Pediatric brain tumors, which differ significantly from adult tumors in biology and imaging appearance, present unique diagnostic and prognostic challenges. By integrating radiomics with machine learning algorithms, studies have demonstrated strong performance in classifying tumor types such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and gliomas, and predicting molecular subgroups and mutations such as H3K27M and BRAF. Recent studies combining radiomics with machine learning algorithms — including support vector machines, random forests, and deep learning CNNs — have demonstrated promising performance, with AUCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.98 for tumor classification and 0.77 to 0.88 for molecular subgroup prediction, across cohorts from 50 to over 450 patients, with internal cross-validation and external validation in some cases. In resource-limited settings or regions with limited radiologist manpower, radiomics-based tools could help augment diagnostic accuracy and consistency, serving as decision support to prioritize patients for further evaluation or biopsy. Emerging applications such as radio-immunomics and radio-pathomics may further enhance understanding of tumor biology but remain investigational. Despite its potential, clinical translation faces notable barriers, including limited pediatric-specific datasets, variable imaging protocols, and the lack of standardized, reproducible workflows. Multi-institutional collaboration, harmonized pipelines, and prospective validation are essential next steps. Radiomics should be viewed as a supplementary tool that complements existing clinical and pathological frameworks, supporting more informed and equitable care in pediatric brain tumor management.
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spelling doaj-art-52b289e1b62641f68f1fc64853fd23ef2025-08-20T03:06:50ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-08-0116111010.1007/s12672-025-03391-5Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insightsPranjal Rai0Sabha Ahmed1Abhishek Mahajan2Mayo ClinicNational Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS)Department of Imaging, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation TrustAbstract Radiomics has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging approach in pediatric neuro-oncology, offering the ability to extract high-dimensional quantitative features from routine MRI to support diagnosis, risk stratification, molecular characterization, and outcome prediction. Pediatric brain tumors, which differ significantly from adult tumors in biology and imaging appearance, present unique diagnostic and prognostic challenges. By integrating radiomics with machine learning algorithms, studies have demonstrated strong performance in classifying tumor types such as medulloblastoma, ependymoma, and gliomas, and predicting molecular subgroups and mutations such as H3K27M and BRAF. Recent studies combining radiomics with machine learning algorithms — including support vector machines, random forests, and deep learning CNNs — have demonstrated promising performance, with AUCs ranging from 0.75 to 0.98 for tumor classification and 0.77 to 0.88 for molecular subgroup prediction, across cohorts from 50 to over 450 patients, with internal cross-validation and external validation in some cases. In resource-limited settings or regions with limited radiologist manpower, radiomics-based tools could help augment diagnostic accuracy and consistency, serving as decision support to prioritize patients for further evaluation or biopsy. Emerging applications such as radio-immunomics and radio-pathomics may further enhance understanding of tumor biology but remain investigational. Despite its potential, clinical translation faces notable barriers, including limited pediatric-specific datasets, variable imaging protocols, and the lack of standardized, reproducible workflows. Multi-institutional collaboration, harmonized pipelines, and prospective validation are essential next steps. Radiomics should be viewed as a supplementary tool that complements existing clinical and pathological frameworks, supporting more informed and equitable care in pediatric brain tumor management.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03391-5Pediatric brain tumorsRadiomicsMachine learningMRIMedulloblastomaMolecular imaging
spellingShingle Pranjal Rai
Sabha Ahmed
Abhishek Mahajan
Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
Discover Oncology
Pediatric brain tumors
Radiomics
Machine learning
MRI
Medulloblastoma
Molecular imaging
title Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
title_full Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
title_fullStr Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
title_full_unstemmed Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
title_short Radiomics in pediatric brain tumors: from images to insights
title_sort radiomics in pediatric brain tumors from images to insights
topic Pediatric brain tumors
Radiomics
Machine learning
MRI
Medulloblastoma
Molecular imaging
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-03391-5
work_keys_str_mv AT pranjalrai radiomicsinpediatricbraintumorsfromimagestoinsights
AT sabhaahmed radiomicsinpediatricbraintumorsfromimagestoinsights
AT abhishekmahajan radiomicsinpediatricbraintumorsfromimagestoinsights