Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world

Abstract Background Adequate water intake is essential for maintaining health, particularly in children and adolescents. In the context of global warming, the likelihood of experiencing more frequent and intense heatwaves increases, posing a serious threat to regions already grappling with water sca...

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Main Authors: Sui Zhu, Guanhao He, Na Zhang, Yingying Jin, Zhongguo Huang, Shasha Han, Bingxiao Li, Zhiqiang Lin, Fengrui Jing, Fangfang Zeng, Yanhui Gao, Tao Liu, Xiaofeng Liang, Guansheng Ma, Wenjun Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00929-0
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author Sui Zhu
Guanhao He
Na Zhang
Yingying Jin
Zhongguo Huang
Shasha Han
Bingxiao Li
Zhiqiang Lin
Fengrui Jing
Fangfang Zeng
Yanhui Gao
Tao Liu
Xiaofeng Liang
Guansheng Ma
Wenjun Ma
author_facet Sui Zhu
Guanhao He
Na Zhang
Yingying Jin
Zhongguo Huang
Shasha Han
Bingxiao Li
Zhiqiang Lin
Fengrui Jing
Fangfang Zeng
Yanhui Gao
Tao Liu
Xiaofeng Liang
Guansheng Ma
Wenjun Ma
author_sort Sui Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Adequate water intake is essential for maintaining health, particularly in children and adolescents. In the context of global warming, the likelihood of experiencing more frequent and intense heatwaves increases, posing a serious threat to regions already grappling with water scarcity. Therefore, we aim to explore the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperature and daily total fluid intake (TFI) among Chinese children and adolescents and to forecast their fluid consumption patterns up to the year 2099 in China, considering different climate change scenarios. Methods Utilizing data from a 2011 cross-sectional survey of 3713 students (51.98% female) aged 7 to 18 in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, this study employs generalized linear mixed models to analyze the association between temperature and fluid intake. Projections of future fluid consumption are made under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios, reflecting a range of possible climate futures. Results Our results show a nearly linear relationship between temperature and fluid consumption. For every 1 °C increase, average daily TFI rises by 24 mL (95% CI: 21–27 mL), and plain water intake (PWI) increases by 12 mL (95% CI: 9–14 mL). The daily TFI ranges from 961 mL at 17 °C to 1298 mL at 31 °C. Future projections under different SSP scenarios indicate a substantial increase in fluid intake by the year 2099. Conclusions These findings reveal a positive association between ambient temperature and fluid intake with projected increases in hydration needs under future warming scenarios. They highlight important public health implications in the context of climate change and emphasize the need for updated hydration guidelines to protect child health in a warming world.
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spelling doaj-art-52ac4f0632f441b2883f7b403c55caaf2025-08-20T02:31:09ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-06-015111010.1038/s43856-025-00929-0Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming worldSui Zhu0Guanhao He1Na Zhang2Yingying Jin3Zhongguo Huang4Shasha Han5Bingxiao Li6Zhiqiang Lin7Fengrui Jing8Fangfang Zeng9Yanhui Gao10Tao Liu11Xiaofeng Liang12Guansheng Ma13Wenjun Ma14Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Neonatology and Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Neonatology and Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityDisease Control and Prevention Institute of Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Tianhe DistrictDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking UniversityDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan UniversityAbstract Background Adequate water intake is essential for maintaining health, particularly in children and adolescents. In the context of global warming, the likelihood of experiencing more frequent and intense heatwaves increases, posing a serious threat to regions already grappling with water scarcity. Therefore, we aim to explore the exposure-response relationship between ambient temperature and daily total fluid intake (TFI) among Chinese children and adolescents and to forecast their fluid consumption patterns up to the year 2099 in China, considering different climate change scenarios. Methods Utilizing data from a 2011 cross-sectional survey of 3713 students (51.98% female) aged 7 to 18 in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, this study employs generalized linear mixed models to analyze the association between temperature and fluid intake. Projections of future fluid consumption are made under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios, reflecting a range of possible climate futures. Results Our results show a nearly linear relationship between temperature and fluid consumption. For every 1 °C increase, average daily TFI rises by 24 mL (95% CI: 21–27 mL), and plain water intake (PWI) increases by 12 mL (95% CI: 9–14 mL). The daily TFI ranges from 961 mL at 17 °C to 1298 mL at 31 °C. Future projections under different SSP scenarios indicate a substantial increase in fluid intake by the year 2099. Conclusions These findings reveal a positive association between ambient temperature and fluid intake with projected increases in hydration needs under future warming scenarios. They highlight important public health implications in the context of climate change and emphasize the need for updated hydration guidelines to protect child health in a warming world.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00929-0
spellingShingle Sui Zhu
Guanhao He
Na Zhang
Yingying Jin
Zhongguo Huang
Shasha Han
Bingxiao Li
Zhiqiang Lin
Fengrui Jing
Fangfang Zeng
Yanhui Gao
Tao Liu
Xiaofeng Liang
Guansheng Ma
Wenjun Ma
Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
Communications Medicine
title Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
title_full Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
title_fullStr Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
title_full_unstemmed Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
title_short Projecting future fluid intake of Chinese children in a warming world
title_sort projecting future fluid intake of chinese children in a warming world
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00929-0
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