Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study
Newly emerging or “re-emerging” influenza viruses have been regarded as a huge global threat to human public health. However, there are few reports of human deaths caused by newly emerging influenza viruses derived from pigs and poultry. Here, we described the clinical and virological features of a...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
|
| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528536 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850102742966599680 |
|---|---|
| author | Wenlei Wang Xuhua Mao Ming Li Kaituo Liu Bo Peng Qin Su Zehua Wang Zhihui Zheng Zihan Chen Weiqing Shi Muhammad Ali Yin Wang Min Gu Junjie Lu Xiaoquan Wang Xiufan Liu Pinghu Zhang |
| author_facet | Wenlei Wang Xuhua Mao Ming Li Kaituo Liu Bo Peng Qin Su Zehua Wang Zhihui Zheng Zihan Chen Weiqing Shi Muhammad Ali Yin Wang Min Gu Junjie Lu Xiaoquan Wang Xiufan Liu Pinghu Zhang |
| author_sort | Wenlei Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Newly emerging or “re-emerging” influenza viruses have been regarded as a huge global threat to human public health. However, there are few reports of human deaths caused by newly emerging influenza viruses derived from pigs and poultry. Here, we described the clinical and virological features of a fatal encephalitis caused by a novel H3N2 reassortant virus generated from swine H3N2 and human H7N9 viruses. A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with acute encephalitis in Yixing, China, in August 2022. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed mild pneumonia. Brain CT indicated acute encephalitis companied brain parenchyma swelling. Haematological examinations revealed a markedly elevation of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and cytokines. Pathogenic analysis confirmed that a novel H3N2 virus (A/Yixing/805/2022, YX805) was responsible for this case. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the surface protein-coding genes were originated from swine-origin H3N2 viruses, whereas the internal protein-coding genes were derived from human-origin H7N9 viruses. This virus triggers stronger cytokines storm than these genetically related H7N9 viruses and has a natural resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. The YX805 virus is highly pathogenic to mice. Our study highlights the urgent need to enhance epidemiological surveys for reassortment events between swine and avian influenza virus by full genome sequencing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-529b4fbedf8a47659986a218e1dc0757 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-529b4fbedf8a47659986a218e1dc07572025-08-20T02:39:41ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2528536Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive studyWenlei Wang0Xuhua Mao1Ming Li2Kaituo Liu3Bo Peng4Qin Su5Zehua Wang6Zhihui Zheng7Zihan Chen8Weiqing Shi9Muhammad Ali10Yin Wang11Min Gu12Junjie Lu13Xiaoquan Wang14Xiufan Liu15Pinghu Zhang16The Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaMicrobiology Laboratory, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaYangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention & the Affiliated CDC of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Affiliated Yixing Clinical School of Medical School of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yixing, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Key Laboratory of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Senile Diseases Control, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaNewly emerging or “re-emerging” influenza viruses have been regarded as a huge global threat to human public health. However, there are few reports of human deaths caused by newly emerging influenza viruses derived from pigs and poultry. Here, we described the clinical and virological features of a fatal encephalitis caused by a novel H3N2 reassortant virus generated from swine H3N2 and human H7N9 viruses. A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with acute encephalitis in Yixing, China, in August 2022. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed mild pneumonia. Brain CT indicated acute encephalitis companied brain parenchyma swelling. Haematological examinations revealed a markedly elevation of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and cytokines. Pathogenic analysis confirmed that a novel H3N2 virus (A/Yixing/805/2022, YX805) was responsible for this case. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the surface protein-coding genes were originated from swine-origin H3N2 viruses, whereas the internal protein-coding genes were derived from human-origin H7N9 viruses. This virus triggers stronger cytokines storm than these genetically related H7N9 viruses and has a natural resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. The YX805 virus is highly pathogenic to mice. Our study highlights the urgent need to enhance epidemiological surveys for reassortment events between swine and avian influenza virus by full genome sequencing.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528536Influenza-associated encephalitisInfluenza A virusH3N2H7N9Reassortment |
| spellingShingle | Wenlei Wang Xuhua Mao Ming Li Kaituo Liu Bo Peng Qin Su Zehua Wang Zhihui Zheng Zihan Chen Weiqing Shi Muhammad Ali Yin Wang Min Gu Junjie Lu Xiaoquan Wang Xiufan Liu Pinghu Zhang Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study Emerging Microbes and Infections Influenza-associated encephalitis Influenza A virus H3N2 H7N9 Reassortment |
| title | Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study |
| title_full | Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study |
| title_fullStr | Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study |
| title_short | Clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza H3N2 recombinant virus possessing human-origin H7N9 internal genes: a descriptive study |
| title_sort | clinical features of a fatal case of acute encephalitis associated with a novel influenza h3n2 recombinant virus possessing human origin h7n9 internal genes a descriptive study |
| topic | Influenza-associated encephalitis Influenza A virus H3N2 H7N9 Reassortment |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528536 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wenleiwang clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT xuhuamao clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT mingli clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT kaituoliu clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT bopeng clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT qinsu clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT zehuawang clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT zhihuizheng clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT zihanchen clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT weiqingshi clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT muhammadali clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT yinwang clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT mingu clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT junjielu clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT xiaoquanwang clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT xiufanliu clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy AT pinghuzhang clinicalfeaturesofafatalcaseofacuteencephalitisassociatedwithanovelinfluenzah3n2recombinantviruspossessinghumanoriginh7n9internalgenesadescriptivestudy |