Nrf2 deficiency enhances oxidative stress and promotes susceptibility to tinnitus in mice

Abstract Tinnitus is a prevalent and distressing medical symptom, and no effective pharmacological treatment currently exists. Despite significant advances, tinnitus remains a scientific enigma. To explore the molecular underpinnings of tinnitus, we developed a noise-induced tinnitus model in mice a...

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Main Authors: Huiwen Yang, Yi Xie, Jintao Yu, Mengwen Shi, Yutian Li, Yifan Cai, Qinming Cai, Fang Huang, Zhewei Ye, Hui Wang, Yu Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01509-x
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Summary:Abstract Tinnitus is a prevalent and distressing medical symptom, and no effective pharmacological treatment currently exists. Despite significant advances, tinnitus remains a scientific enigma. To explore the molecular underpinnings of tinnitus, we developed a noise-induced tinnitus model in mice and utilized metabolomics to identify key differences in metabolic pathways. Our results revealed that oxidative stress-related pathways, including glutathione (GSH) metabolism, were significantly enriched in the auditory cortex of mice exhibiting tinnitus-like behavior. To further explore the role of oxidative stress, we examined the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in tinnitus by conducting experiments in Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2-KO) mice. While Nrf2-deficient mice did not develop spontaneous tinnitus or hearing loss, they displayed increased susceptibility to prolonged tinnitus-like behavior after noise exposure. This was accompanied by heightened microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and significant alterations in gut microbiota composition, including greater diversity and dysbiosis. Our findings highlight a novel mechanism underlying tinnitus, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in the auditory cortex and its connection to noise-induced tinnitus. The deficiency of Nrf2 in mice increases their susceptibility to tinnitus, suggesting that Nrf2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target for preventing noise-induced tinnitus.
ISSN:2045-2322