CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor

The removal of tar and CO<sub>2</sub> represents a critical challenge in the production of biomass gasification syngas, necessitating the development of advanced catalytic systems. In this study, plasma-enhanced catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reforming was employed to remove biomas...

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Main Authors: Bianbian Gao, Guoqiang Cao, Yutong Feng, Yuting Jiao, Chunyu Li, Jiantao Zhao, Yitian Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1032
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author Bianbian Gao
Guoqiang Cao
Yutong Feng
Yuting Jiao
Chunyu Li
Jiantao Zhao
Yitian Fang
author_facet Bianbian Gao
Guoqiang Cao
Yutong Feng
Yuting Jiao
Chunyu Li
Jiantao Zhao
Yitian Fang
author_sort Bianbian Gao
collection DOAJ
description The removal of tar and CO<sub>2</sub> represents a critical challenge in the production of biomass gasification syngas, necessitating the development of advanced catalytic systems. In this study, plasma-enhanced catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reforming was employed to remove biomass tar, with toluene selected as a model compound for biomass tar. Supported Ni<sub>x</sub>-Fe<sub>y</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts, with varying Ni/Fe molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), were synthesized for the CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of toluene in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma reactors. The experiments were conducted at 250 °C and ambient pressure. The effects of various Ni/Fe molar ratios, discharge powers, and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on DBD plasma-catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of toluene to synthesis gas were analyzed. The results indicate that CO and H<sub>2</sub> are the primary gaseous products of toluene decomposition, with the selectivity for these gaseous products increasing with the discharge power. Increasing discharge power leads to a higher selectivity for CO and H<sub>2</sub> production. A CO<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub> ratio of 1.5 was found to effectively enhance the catalytic performance of the system, leading to the highest toluene conversion and syngas selectivity. The selectivity of the Ni<sub>x</sub>-Fe<sub>y</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts for H<sub>2</sub> and CO follows the following order: Ni<sub>3</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>2</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Notably, the Ni<sub>3</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst exhibits a high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity due to its strong basicity, demonstrating significant potential for both tar conversion and carbon resistance.
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spelling doaj-art-529792ded8f8498ca3eae6fc0eec9dc02025-08-20T02:53:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-01305103210.3390/molecules30051032CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma ReactorBianbian Gao0Guoqiang Cao1Yutong Feng2Yuting Jiao3Chunyu Li4Jiantao Zhao5Yitian Fang6State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, ChinaThe removal of tar and CO<sub>2</sub> represents a critical challenge in the production of biomass gasification syngas, necessitating the development of advanced catalytic systems. In this study, plasma-enhanced catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reforming was employed to remove biomass tar, with toluene selected as a model compound for biomass tar. Supported Ni<sub>x</sub>-Fe<sub>y</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts, with varying Ni/Fe molar ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), were synthesized for the CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of toluene in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma reactors. The experiments were conducted at 250 °C and ambient pressure. The effects of various Ni/Fe molar ratios, discharge powers, and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations on DBD plasma-catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reforming of toluene to synthesis gas were analyzed. The results indicate that CO and H<sub>2</sub> are the primary gaseous products of toluene decomposition, with the selectivity for these gaseous products increasing with the discharge power. Increasing discharge power leads to a higher selectivity for CO and H<sub>2</sub> production. A CO<sub>2</sub>/C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>8</sub> ratio of 1.5 was found to effectively enhance the catalytic performance of the system, leading to the highest toluene conversion and syngas selectivity. The selectivity of the Ni<sub>x</sub>-Fe<sub>y</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts for H<sub>2</sub> and CO follows the following order: Ni<sub>3</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>2</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> > Ni<sub>1</sub>-Fe<sub>3</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Notably, the Ni<sub>3</sub>-Fe<sub>1</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst exhibits a high CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity due to its strong basicity, demonstrating significant potential for both tar conversion and carbon resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1032tolueneCO<sub>2</sub> reformingplasma-catalyticNi-Fesyngas
spellingShingle Bianbian Gao
Guoqiang Cao
Yutong Feng
Yuting Jiao
Chunyu Li
Jiantao Zhao
Yitian Fang
CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
Molecules
toluene
CO<sub>2</sub> reforming
plasma-catalytic
Ni-Fe
syngas
title CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
title_full CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
title_fullStr CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
title_full_unstemmed CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
title_short CO<sub>2</sub> Reforming of Biomass Gasification Tar over Ni-Fe-Based Catalysts in a DBD Plasma Reactor
title_sort co sub 2 sub reforming of biomass gasification tar over ni fe based catalysts in a dbd plasma reactor
topic toluene
CO<sub>2</sub> reforming
plasma-catalytic
Ni-Fe
syngas
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1032
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