Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model

Abstract The closed-chest porcine model of myocardial ischemia is an essential tool for preclinical research in cardiology. Current literature reports heterogeneous results regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This retrospective analysis presents our experience and cardiac mag...

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Main Authors: David Boll, Simon Reiss, Heidi R. Cristina Schmitz, Christian Weber, Julien Thielmann, Felix Spreter, Kian Tadjalli Mehr, Diana Chiang, Markus Jäckel, Lukas Heger, Jonathan Rilinger, Dirk Westermann, Constantin von zur Mühlen, Timo Heidt, Michael Bock, Alexander Maier
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11390-3
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author David Boll
Simon Reiss
Heidi R. Cristina Schmitz
Christian Weber
Julien Thielmann
Felix Spreter
Kian Tadjalli Mehr
Diana Chiang
Markus Jäckel
Lukas Heger
Jonathan Rilinger
Dirk Westermann
Constantin von zur Mühlen
Timo Heidt
Michael Bock
Alexander Maier
author_facet David Boll
Simon Reiss
Heidi R. Cristina Schmitz
Christian Weber
Julien Thielmann
Felix Spreter
Kian Tadjalli Mehr
Diana Chiang
Markus Jäckel
Lukas Heger
Jonathan Rilinger
Dirk Westermann
Constantin von zur Mühlen
Timo Heidt
Michael Bock
Alexander Maier
author_sort David Boll
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The closed-chest porcine model of myocardial ischemia is an essential tool for preclinical research in cardiology. Current literature reports heterogeneous results regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This retrospective analysis presents our experience and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings while establishing a porcine IRI model. 8 male and 12 female juvenile German Landrace pigs received general anesthesia and antiarrhythmic pre-treatment. Myocardial ischemia was induced using transfemoral catheterization and balloon-occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) or the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery under X-ray fluoroscopy guidance. The duration of ischemia varied from 30 to 90 min. CMR was performed at a clinical 3 T system including functional imaging, T1 and T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 2–5 h or three days post-reperfusion. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was a recurrent event, which was counteracted with amiodarone, high blood potassium levels and in one case with propranolol. Males were more likely to experience VF than females and 15 of 20 animals survived the experiment. Resuscitation was required in 47% of the further analyzed animals. CMR revealed IRI in 14 of 15 animals in cardiac segments analogous to those supplied by the respective artery in humans. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced to 52% and 47% of animals had an impaired wall motion. Ischemia durations of 30–45 min did not result in LGE and in no significant T2 increase, whereas T1 was significantly increased (p = 0.02). Occlusion durations of 60–90 min resulted in LGE and T1 and T2 values both increased compared to 30–45 min of ischemia (p < 0.001 for T1 and p = 0.021 for T2). CMR of porcine myocardial IRI showed varying T1 and T2 patterns for different ischemia and reperfusion durations. For IRI, T1 elevation was the most sensitive marker. Significant myocardial infarction indicated by LGE only occurred after ischemic durations ≥ 60 min; thus, an appropriate occlusion duration must be chosen in pigs to create myocardial IRI for scientific studies.
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spelling doaj-art-529714bf448c4164894883c9d42ad7aa2025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-11390-3Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig modelDavid Boll0Simon Reiss1Heidi R. Cristina Schmitz2Christian Weber3Julien Thielmann4Felix Spreter5Kian Tadjalli Mehr6Diana Chiang7Markus Jäckel8Lukas Heger9Jonathan Rilinger10Dirk Westermann11Constantin von zur Mühlen12Timo Heidt13Michael Bock14Alexander Maier15Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgCenter for Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center University Freiburg, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgDivision of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of FreiburgDepartment of Cardiology and Angiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, University of FreiburgAbstract The closed-chest porcine model of myocardial ischemia is an essential tool for preclinical research in cardiology. Current literature reports heterogeneous results regarding myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). This retrospective analysis presents our experience and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) findings while establishing a porcine IRI model. 8 male and 12 female juvenile German Landrace pigs received general anesthesia and antiarrhythmic pre-treatment. Myocardial ischemia was induced using transfemoral catheterization and balloon-occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) or the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery under X-ray fluoroscopy guidance. The duration of ischemia varied from 30 to 90 min. CMR was performed at a clinical 3 T system including functional imaging, T1 and T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) 2–5 h or three days post-reperfusion. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was a recurrent event, which was counteracted with amiodarone, high blood potassium levels and in one case with propranolol. Males were more likely to experience VF than females and 15 of 20 animals survived the experiment. Resuscitation was required in 47% of the further analyzed animals. CMR revealed IRI in 14 of 15 animals in cardiac segments analogous to those supplied by the respective artery in humans. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was reduced to 52% and 47% of animals had an impaired wall motion. Ischemia durations of 30–45 min did not result in LGE and in no significant T2 increase, whereas T1 was significantly increased (p = 0.02). Occlusion durations of 60–90 min resulted in LGE and T1 and T2 values both increased compared to 30–45 min of ischemia (p < 0.001 for T1 and p = 0.021 for T2). CMR of porcine myocardial IRI showed varying T1 and T2 patterns for different ischemia and reperfusion durations. For IRI, T1 elevation was the most sensitive marker. Significant myocardial infarction indicated by LGE only occurred after ischemic durations ≥ 60 min; thus, an appropriate occlusion duration must be chosen in pigs to create myocardial IRI for scientific studies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11390-3Myocardial infarctionPigMRICMRIschemiaReperfusion
spellingShingle David Boll
Simon Reiss
Heidi R. Cristina Schmitz
Christian Weber
Julien Thielmann
Felix Spreter
Kian Tadjalli Mehr
Diana Chiang
Markus Jäckel
Lukas Heger
Jonathan Rilinger
Dirk Westermann
Constantin von zur Mühlen
Timo Heidt
Michael Bock
Alexander Maier
Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
Scientific Reports
Myocardial infarction
Pig
MRI
CMR
Ischemia
Reperfusion
title Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
title_full Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
title_fullStr Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
title_full_unstemmed Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
title_short Cardiac MRI of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
title_sort cardiac mri of differing ischemia and reperfusion times in a myocardial infarction pig model
topic Myocardial infarction
Pig
MRI
CMR
Ischemia
Reperfusion
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11390-3
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