AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE
Passive voice is associated with the arrangement of a verb used when the subject is affected by the action of the verb involving a specific construction in different languages (see Tomori (1999), Hornby (2010) and O’Grady, Archibald and Katamba (2011). According to Khumalo, (2007) passivization is...
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Federal University Wukari
2024-07-01
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Passive voice is associated with the arrangement of a verb used when the subject is affected by the action of the verb involving a specific construction in different languages (see Tomori (1999), Hornby (2010) and O’Grady, Archibald and Katamba (2011). According to Khumalo, (2007) passivization is generally, the promotion to grammatical subject of an object NP. That is, passivization tropicalizes the patient which becomes the new grammatical subject. This implies that passive construction is obtained by the attaching a verbal extension morpheme (suffixes) which because its effect on the sentence structure is called passive Doke (1943); Guthrie (1967); Meeussen (1967) and Schadeberg (2003) since it turns the patient of the active sentence into a grammatical subject. In Fulfulde, it is described as a grammatical construction in which the subject of a clause or sentence becomes the thing that is acted upon Breeveld, (1995) In other words the verb form changes so that the thing that is acted upon comes first, while the acting agent comes second or doesn’t appear at all McIntosh (1984). Based on the descriptions mentioned above, Fulfulde scholars are of the view that all the conjugational suffixes n Fulfulde have different forms when they combine with active voice verbs, with middle voice verbs or with passive voice verbs. The present study aims at describing and analyzing conjugational suffixes of Fulfulde passivized verbs as are obtainable in Magama-Gumau in Toro LGA of Bauchi state. The data for the study are gathered through the ethnographic method where unstructured interviews and observations were used. The objectives of the study are to identify conjugational suffixes used in passivization, their forms and syntactic usage. To achieve this, the study is guided by the transformational generative grammar (TGG) as propounded by Chomsky (1957) and expanded by Tomori (1999); Syal and Jindal (2013); Prasad (2014); and Abgedo (2015). The findings of the study revealed that conjugational suffixes for passivized verb were identified as belonging to five (5) different groups. Base on this, the study discovered -ake, -aaki/kim, -oto and -ataako for affirmative and negative absolute/thoroughness of passive verbs in this category. The investigation established -aama, -a-noo-ma,-naama, -aa, -a, for completive positive and negative. The research also uncovered -etee-ndi, etee-gol, -ataake, -eteende and suffixes for incompletive positive/negative polarity. Additionally, the investigation exposed -ee, -ataake, -etee-nde, -ataako, and -eego/eeki as suffixes for progressive/continuous. Finally, the study identified -etee-ngu, -eema, and -etee as suffixes for vague and habitual suffixes.
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| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-52951d235f2848feb15b184b4d50c2002025-02-10T10:00:11ZengFederal University WukariInternational Studies Journal2756-46492024-07-0184AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDEYAHAYA MOHAMMED AHMED0BAYERO UNIVERSITY KANO Passive voice is associated with the arrangement of a verb used when the subject is affected by the action of the verb involving a specific construction in different languages (see Tomori (1999), Hornby (2010) and O’Grady, Archibald and Katamba (2011). According to Khumalo, (2007) passivization is generally, the promotion to grammatical subject of an object NP. That is, passivization tropicalizes the patient which becomes the new grammatical subject. This implies that passive construction is obtained by the attaching a verbal extension morpheme (suffixes) which because its effect on the sentence structure is called passive Doke (1943); Guthrie (1967); Meeussen (1967) and Schadeberg (2003) since it turns the patient of the active sentence into a grammatical subject. In Fulfulde, it is described as a grammatical construction in which the subject of a clause or sentence becomes the thing that is acted upon Breeveld, (1995) In other words the verb form changes so that the thing that is acted upon comes first, while the acting agent comes second or doesn’t appear at all McIntosh (1984). Based on the descriptions mentioned above, Fulfulde scholars are of the view that all the conjugational suffixes n Fulfulde have different forms when they combine with active voice verbs, with middle voice verbs or with passive voice verbs. The present study aims at describing and analyzing conjugational suffixes of Fulfulde passivized verbs as are obtainable in Magama-Gumau in Toro LGA of Bauchi state. The data for the study are gathered through the ethnographic method where unstructured interviews and observations were used. The objectives of the study are to identify conjugational suffixes used in passivization, their forms and syntactic usage. To achieve this, the study is guided by the transformational generative grammar (TGG) as propounded by Chomsky (1957) and expanded by Tomori (1999); Syal and Jindal (2013); Prasad (2014); and Abgedo (2015). The findings of the study revealed that conjugational suffixes for passivized verb were identified as belonging to five (5) different groups. Base on this, the study discovered -ake, -aaki/kim, -oto and -ataako for affirmative and negative absolute/thoroughness of passive verbs in this category. The investigation established -aama, -a-noo-ma,-naama, -aa, -a, for completive positive and negative. The research also uncovered -etee-ndi, etee-gol, -ataake, -eteende and suffixes for incompletive positive/negative polarity. Additionally, the investigation exposed -ee, -ataake, -etee-nde, -ataako, and -eego/eeki as suffixes for progressive/continuous. Finally, the study identified -etee-ngu, -eema, and -etee as suffixes for vague and habitual suffixes. https://wissjournals.com.ng/index.php/wiss/article/view/406PassivizationConjugationaltransformationalpassivevoicesuffixes |
| spellingShingle | YAHAYA MOHAMMED AHMED AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE International Studies Journal Passivization Conjugational transformational passive voice suffixes |
| title | AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE |
| title_full | AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE |
| title_fullStr | AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE |
| title_full_unstemmed | AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE |
| title_short | AN EXAMINATION OF CONJUGATIONAL SUFFIXES OF PASSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN FULFULDE |
| title_sort | examination of conjugational suffixes of passive constructions in fulfulde |
| topic | Passivization Conjugational transformational passive voice suffixes |
| url | https://wissjournals.com.ng/index.php/wiss/article/view/406 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yahayamohammedahmed anexaminationofconjugationalsuffixesofpassiveconstructionsinfulfulde AT yahayamohammedahmed examinationofconjugationalsuffixesofpassiveconstructionsinfulfulde |