A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam
This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the effects of different scanning strategies on the material properties of IN939 fabricated using the PBF-LB process. The scanning strategies examined included alternating bi-directional scanning with rotation angles of 0°, 45°, 67°, and 90° bet...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424024414 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850120149625995264 |
|---|---|
| author | Merve Nur Doğu Seren Ozer Mustafa Alp Yalçın Kemal Davut Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi Caner Simsir Hengfeng Gu Chong Teng Dermot Brabazon |
| author_facet | Merve Nur Doğu Seren Ozer Mustafa Alp Yalçın Kemal Davut Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi Caner Simsir Hengfeng Gu Chong Teng Dermot Brabazon |
| author_sort | Merve Nur Doğu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the effects of different scanning strategies on the material properties of IN939 fabricated using the PBF-LB process. The scanning strategies examined included alternating bi-directional scanning with rotation angles of 0°, 45°, 67°, and 90° between adjacent layers (named as shown), as well as alternating chessboard scanning with rotation angles of 67° and 90° (named as Q67° and Q90°). The results revealed that the 45° and 67° samples had the highest relative density, while the 0° and Q67° samples showed the highest average porosity. Moreover, various types of cracks, including solidification, solid-state, and oxide-induced cracks, were observed. Among the bi-directional scan samples, the 0° sample displayed the most extensive cracking and the highest σmax residual stress values in both XZ and XY planes. Conversely, the 45° and 67° samples exhibited fewer cracks. Notably, the lowest σmax residual stress in the XZ planes among the bi-directional scan samples was observed in the 67° sample. Additionally, microstructural analyses indicated differences in grain size and morphology, among the samples. Texture analysis indicated that the 0° and 90° samples exhibited strong cube textures, whereas the texture intensity weakened for the 45° and 67° samples. Moreover, the alternating chessboard scanning strategy led to rougher surfaces (higher Sa and Sz values) compared to the alternating bi-directional scanning strategy, regardless of the rotation angles. Furthermore, the microhardness values among the samples showed minimal variance, ranging between 321 ± 14 HV and 356± 7 HV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-528d01ec4fba406b95b89b4e184f004e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-528d01ec4fba406b95b89b4e184f004e2025-08-20T02:35:26ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01335457548110.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.171A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beamMerve Nur Doğu0Seren Ozer1Mustafa Alp Yalçın2Kemal Davut3Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi4Caner Simsir5Hengfeng Gu6Chong Teng7Dermot Brabazon8I-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Corresponding author. I-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeyMetal Forming Center of Excellence, Atılım University, Ankara, TurkeyDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Urla, Izmir, TurkeyI-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, TurkeyAnsys Inc., 6975 Union Park Avenue, Suite 663, Cottonwood Heights, UT, 84047, USAAnsys Inc., 6975 Union Park Avenue, Suite 663, Cottonwood Heights, UT, 84047, USAI-Form, the SFI Research Centre for Advanced Manufacturing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, IrelandThis study provides a comprehensive investigation into the effects of different scanning strategies on the material properties of IN939 fabricated using the PBF-LB process. The scanning strategies examined included alternating bi-directional scanning with rotation angles of 0°, 45°, 67°, and 90° between adjacent layers (named as shown), as well as alternating chessboard scanning with rotation angles of 67° and 90° (named as Q67° and Q90°). The results revealed that the 45° and 67° samples had the highest relative density, while the 0° and Q67° samples showed the highest average porosity. Moreover, various types of cracks, including solidification, solid-state, and oxide-induced cracks, were observed. Among the bi-directional scan samples, the 0° sample displayed the most extensive cracking and the highest σmax residual stress values in both XZ and XY planes. Conversely, the 45° and 67° samples exhibited fewer cracks. Notably, the lowest σmax residual stress in the XZ planes among the bi-directional scan samples was observed in the 67° sample. Additionally, microstructural analyses indicated differences in grain size and morphology, among the samples. Texture analysis indicated that the 0° and 90° samples exhibited strong cube textures, whereas the texture intensity weakened for the 45° and 67° samples. Moreover, the alternating chessboard scanning strategy led to rougher surfaces (higher Sa and Sz values) compared to the alternating bi-directional scanning strategy, regardless of the rotation angles. Furthermore, the microhardness values among the samples showed minimal variance, ranging between 321 ± 14 HV and 356± 7 HV.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424024414Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB)IN939Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)MicrostructureScanning strategyResidual stress |
| spellingShingle | Merve Nur Doğu Seren Ozer Mustafa Alp Yalçın Kemal Davut Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi Caner Simsir Hengfeng Gu Chong Teng Dermot Brabazon A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam Journal of Materials Research and Technology Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) IN939 Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Microstructure Scanning strategy Residual stress |
| title | A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam |
| title_full | A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam |
| title_fullStr | A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam |
| title_short | A comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on IN939 fabricated by powder bed fusion-laser beam |
| title_sort | comprehensive study of the effect of scanning strategy on in939 fabricated by powder bed fusion laser beam |
| topic | Powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) IN939 Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Microstructure Scanning strategy Residual stress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424024414 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mervenurdogu acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT serenozer acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT mustafaalpyalcın acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT kemaldavut acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT muhannadahmedobeidi acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT canersimsir acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT hengfenggu acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT chongteng acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT dermotbrabazon acomprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT mervenurdogu comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT serenozer comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT mustafaalpyalcın comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT kemaldavut comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT muhannadahmedobeidi comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT canersimsir comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT hengfenggu comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT chongteng comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam AT dermotbrabazon comprehensivestudyoftheeffectofscanningstrategyonin939fabricatedbypowderbedfusionlaserbeam |