Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort
How much the vaccine contributes to the induction and development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) of breakthrough cases relative to those unvaccinated-infected cases is not fully understood. We conducted a prospective cohort study and collected serum samples from 576 individuals who were diagnosed...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2146535 |
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| author | Liguo Zhu Naiying Mao Changhua Yi Aidibai Simayi Jialu Feng Yi Feng Min He Songning Ding Yin Wang Yan Wang Mingwei Wei Jie Hong Chuchu Li Hua Tian Lu Zhou Jiefu Peng Shihan Zhang Ci Song Hui Jin Fengcai Zhu Wenbo Xu Jun Zhao Changjun Bao |
| author_facet | Liguo Zhu Naiying Mao Changhua Yi Aidibai Simayi Jialu Feng Yi Feng Min He Songning Ding Yin Wang Yan Wang Mingwei Wei Jie Hong Chuchu Li Hua Tian Lu Zhou Jiefu Peng Shihan Zhang Ci Song Hui Jin Fengcai Zhu Wenbo Xu Jun Zhao Changjun Bao |
| author_sort | Liguo Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | How much the vaccine contributes to the induction and development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) of breakthrough cases relative to those unvaccinated-infected cases is not fully understood. We conducted a prospective cohort study and collected serum samples from 576 individuals who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain infection, including 245 breakthrough cases and 331 unvaccinated-infected cases. NAbs were analysed by live virus microneutralization test and transformation of NAb titre. NAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and Delta variant in breakthrough cases were 7.8-fold and 4.0-fold higher than in unvaccinated-infected cases, respectively. NAbs titres in breakthrough cases peaked at the second week after onset/infection. However, the NAbs titres in the unvaccinated-infected cases reached their highest levels during the third week. Compared to those with higher levels of NAbs, those with lower levels of NAbs had no difference in viral clearance duration time (P>0.05), did exhibit higher viral load at the beginning of infection/maximum viral load of infection. NAb levels were statistically higher in the moderate cases than in the mild cases (P<0.0001). Notably, in breakthrough cases, NAb levels were highest longer than 4 months after vaccination (Delta strain: 53,118.2 U/mL), and lowest in breakthrough cases shorter than 1 month (Delta strain: 7551.2 U/mL). Cross-neutralization against the ancestral strain and the current circulating isolate (Omicron BA.5) was significantly lower than against the Delta variant in both breakthrough cases and unvaccinated-infected cases. Our study demonstrated that vaccination could induce immune responses more rapidly and greater which could be effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52879c4dad2a4c3cbf018966fc0eb7a1 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-52879c4dad2a4c3cbf018966fc0eb7a12025-08-20T02:24:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2022.2146535Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohortLiguo Zhu0Naiying Mao1Changhua Yi2Aidibai Simayi3Jialu Feng4Yi Feng5Min He6Songning Ding7Yin Wang8Yan Wang9Mingwei Wei10Jie Hong11Chuchu Li12Hua Tian13Lu Zhou14Jiefu Peng15Shihan Zhang16Ci Song17Hui Jin18Fengcai Zhu19Wenbo Xu20Jun Zhao21Changjun Bao22NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNanjing Infectious Diseases Clinical Medical Center (The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, P.R ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaNanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaYangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Pople's Republic of ChinaYangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Pople's Republic of ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaThe Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaNHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, ChinaHow much the vaccine contributes to the induction and development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) of breakthrough cases relative to those unvaccinated-infected cases is not fully understood. We conducted a prospective cohort study and collected serum samples from 576 individuals who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain infection, including 245 breakthrough cases and 331 unvaccinated-infected cases. NAbs were analysed by live virus microneutralization test and transformation of NAb titre. NAbs titres against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral and Delta variant in breakthrough cases were 7.8-fold and 4.0-fold higher than in unvaccinated-infected cases, respectively. NAbs titres in breakthrough cases peaked at the second week after onset/infection. However, the NAbs titres in the unvaccinated-infected cases reached their highest levels during the third week. Compared to those with higher levels of NAbs, those with lower levels of NAbs had no difference in viral clearance duration time (P>0.05), did exhibit higher viral load at the beginning of infection/maximum viral load of infection. NAb levels were statistically higher in the moderate cases than in the mild cases (P<0.0001). Notably, in breakthrough cases, NAb levels were highest longer than 4 months after vaccination (Delta strain: 53,118.2 U/mL), and lowest in breakthrough cases shorter than 1 month (Delta strain: 7551.2 U/mL). Cross-neutralization against the ancestral strain and the current circulating isolate (Omicron BA.5) was significantly lower than against the Delta variant in both breakthrough cases and unvaccinated-infected cases. Our study demonstrated that vaccination could induce immune responses more rapidly and greater which could be effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2146535SARS-CoV-2Delta variantCoronaVacbreakthrough infectionneutralizing antibody |
| spellingShingle | Liguo Zhu Naiying Mao Changhua Yi Aidibai Simayi Jialu Feng Yi Feng Min He Songning Ding Yin Wang Yan Wang Mingwei Wei Jie Hong Chuchu Li Hua Tian Lu Zhou Jiefu Peng Shihan Zhang Ci Song Hui Jin Fengcai Zhu Wenbo Xu Jun Zhao Changjun Bao Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort Emerging Microbes and Infections SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant CoronaVac breakthrough infection neutralizing antibody |
| title | Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| title_full | Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| title_fullStr | Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| title_short | Impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| title_sort | impact of vaccination on kinetics of neutralizing antibodies against sars cov 2 by serum live neutralization test based on a prospective cohort |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant CoronaVac breakthrough infection neutralizing antibody |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2146535 |
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