Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism

ABSTRACT Although current guidelines recommend standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate symptomatic patients after pulmonary embolism (PE), CPET with simultaneous echocardiography could provide relevant information to evaluate right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling. The ai...

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Main Authors: Karys Khilzi, Lucilla Piccari, Gerard Franco, Anna Rodó‐Pin, Anna Herranz, Isabel Blanco, Giuseppe Paciocco, Lorenzo Volpiano, Jose Gonzalez Garcia, Ana Diez‐Llaneza, Lluis Molina, Diego A. Rodríguez Chiaradía
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Pulmonary Circulation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70045
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author Karys Khilzi
Lucilla Piccari
Gerard Franco
Anna Rodó‐Pin
Anna Herranz
Isabel Blanco
Giuseppe Paciocco
Lorenzo Volpiano
Jose Gonzalez Garcia
Ana Diez‐Llaneza
Lluis Molina
Diego A. Rodríguez Chiaradía
author_facet Karys Khilzi
Lucilla Piccari
Gerard Franco
Anna Rodó‐Pin
Anna Herranz
Isabel Blanco
Giuseppe Paciocco
Lorenzo Volpiano
Jose Gonzalez Garcia
Ana Diez‐Llaneza
Lluis Molina
Diego A. Rodríguez Chiaradía
author_sort Karys Khilzi
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Although current guidelines recommend standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate symptomatic patients after pulmonary embolism (PE), CPET with simultaneous echocardiography could provide relevant information to evaluate right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling. The aim of this study was to investigate exercise‐induced changes in echocardiographic variables of RV function or RV– arterial coupling in patients with residual thrombotic defects at 3 months after PE. This retrospective study investigated patients with residual thromboembolic disease on V/Q scintigraphy with persistent symptoms despite adequate anticoagulation after 3 months of acute PE, and resting echocardiography with a low probability of PH. At rest and during exercise, CPET and doppler echocardiography were performed following a standard protocol. Forty‐five patients were included, completing a follow‐up period of at least 24 months. The mean (standard deviation) age was 63 (15) years, and 24 (53%) patients were male. Four patients developed CTEPH after 2 years follow up. Correlation analyses showed that the peak TAPSE was significantly associated with peak workload (r = 0.454, p = 0.003), peak VO2 (r = 0.558, p < 0.001), VE/VECO2 (AT) (r = −0.531, p < 0.001), and oxygen pulse (r = 0.375, p = 0.02). TAPSE/PASP was only slightly associated with peak workload (r = 0.300, p = 0.045). By contrast, the change on TAPSE (from rest to peak) was significantly correlate with peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.491, p = 0.01). Also, reduced VO2 at AT and TAPSE/PASP was seen in patients with CTEPH. CPET with synchronic echocardiography could be a useful tool in early assessment of symptomatic patients with perfusion defects on imaging after 3 months of correctly treated PE.
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spelling doaj-art-527ea43fc3d54b628f22073bde10f6172025-08-20T01:50:07ZengWileyPulmonary Circulation2045-89402025-01-01151n/an/a10.1002/pul2.70045Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary EmbolismKarys Khilzi0Lucilla Piccari1Gerard Franco2Anna Rodó‐Pin3Anna Herranz4Isabel Blanco5Giuseppe Paciocco6Lorenzo Volpiano7Jose Gonzalez Garcia8Ana Diez‐Llaneza9Lluis Molina10Diego A. Rodríguez Chiaradía11Pulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainDepartment of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS) Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona SpainPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic‐Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) University of Barcelona Barcelona SpainDipartimento Cardio‐Toraco‐Vascolare Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Università Milano Bicocca Monza (MB) Monza ItalyDipartimento Cardio‐Toraco‐Vascolare Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Università Milano Bicocca Monza (MB) Monza ItalyPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainHospital Del Mar Research Institute Barcelona SpainPulmonology Department‐Hospital del Mar Pulmonary Hypertension Unit Barcelona SpainABSTRACT Although current guidelines recommend standard cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate symptomatic patients after pulmonary embolism (PE), CPET with simultaneous echocardiography could provide relevant information to evaluate right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling. The aim of this study was to investigate exercise‐induced changes in echocardiographic variables of RV function or RV– arterial coupling in patients with residual thrombotic defects at 3 months after PE. This retrospective study investigated patients with residual thromboembolic disease on V/Q scintigraphy with persistent symptoms despite adequate anticoagulation after 3 months of acute PE, and resting echocardiography with a low probability of PH. At rest and during exercise, CPET and doppler echocardiography were performed following a standard protocol. Forty‐five patients were included, completing a follow‐up period of at least 24 months. The mean (standard deviation) age was 63 (15) years, and 24 (53%) patients were male. Four patients developed CTEPH after 2 years follow up. Correlation analyses showed that the peak TAPSE was significantly associated with peak workload (r = 0.454, p = 0.003), peak VO2 (r = 0.558, p < 0.001), VE/VECO2 (AT) (r = −0.531, p < 0.001), and oxygen pulse (r = 0.375, p = 0.02). TAPSE/PASP was only slightly associated with peak workload (r = 0.300, p = 0.045). By contrast, the change on TAPSE (from rest to peak) was significantly correlate with peak oxygen uptake (r = 0.491, p = 0.01). Also, reduced VO2 at AT and TAPSE/PASP was seen in patients with CTEPH. CPET with synchronic echocardiography could be a useful tool in early assessment of symptomatic patients with perfusion defects on imaging after 3 months of correctly treated PE.https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70045exercise capacitypost‐PE syndromeright ventricular function
spellingShingle Karys Khilzi
Lucilla Piccari
Gerard Franco
Anna Rodó‐Pin
Anna Herranz
Isabel Blanco
Giuseppe Paciocco
Lorenzo Volpiano
Jose Gonzalez Garcia
Ana Diez‐Llaneza
Lluis Molina
Diego A. Rodríguez Chiaradía
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Circulation
exercise capacity
post‐PE syndrome
right ventricular function
title Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
title_full Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
title_fullStr Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
title_full_unstemmed Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
title_short Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing With Simultaneous Echocardiography After Pulmonary Embolism
title_sort cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous echocardiography after pulmonary embolism
topic exercise capacity
post‐PE syndrome
right ventricular function
url https://doi.org/10.1002/pul2.70045
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