Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets
New roles for immune cells, overcoming the classical cytotoxic response, have been highlighted by growing evidence. The immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils, are versatile cells involved in the release of web-like DNA structures called extracellular traps (ETs) w...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/627 |
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| author | Stelvio Tonello Nicole Vercellino Davide D’Onghia Alessia Fracchia Giulia Caria Daniele Sola Paolo Amedeo Tillio Pier Paolo Sainaghi Donato Colangelo |
| author_facet | Stelvio Tonello Nicole Vercellino Davide D’Onghia Alessia Fracchia Giulia Caria Daniele Sola Paolo Amedeo Tillio Pier Paolo Sainaghi Donato Colangelo |
| author_sort | Stelvio Tonello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | New roles for immune cells, overcoming the classical cytotoxic response, have been highlighted by growing evidence. The immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils, are versatile cells involved in the release of web-like DNA structures called extracellular traps (ETs) which represent a relevant mechanism by which these cells prevent microbes’ dissemination. In this process, many enzymes, such as elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and microbicidal nuclear and granule proteins, which contribute to the clearance of entrapped microorganisms after DNA binding, are involved. However, an overproduction and release of ETs can cause unwanted and dangerous effects in the host, resulting in several pathological manifestations, among which are chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and diabetes. In this review, we discuss the release mechanisms and the double-edged sword role of ETs both in physiological and in pathological contexts. In addition, we evaluated some possible strategies to target ETs aimed at either preventing their formation or degrading existing ones. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5272aa7d4e8e41e7b0e7960f75ae4777 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj-art-5272aa7d4e8e41e7b0e7960f75ae47772025-08-20T03:13:47ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292025-04-0115462710.3390/life15040627Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic TargetsStelvio Tonello0Nicole Vercellino1Davide D’Onghia2Alessia Fracchia3Giulia Caria4Daniele Sola5Paolo Amedeo Tillio6Pier Paolo Sainaghi7Donato Colangelo8Dipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyLaboratory of Metabolic Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 28824 Oggebbio, ItalyClinical Chemistry Laboratory, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Traslazionale, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Farmacologia, Scuola di Medicina, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, ItalyNew roles for immune cells, overcoming the classical cytotoxic response, have been highlighted by growing evidence. The immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils, are versatile cells involved in the release of web-like DNA structures called extracellular traps (ETs) which represent a relevant mechanism by which these cells prevent microbes’ dissemination. In this process, many enzymes, such as elastase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and microbicidal nuclear and granule proteins, which contribute to the clearance of entrapped microorganisms after DNA binding, are involved. However, an overproduction and release of ETs can cause unwanted and dangerous effects in the host, resulting in several pathological manifestations, among which are chronic inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and diabetes. In this review, we discuss the release mechanisms and the double-edged sword role of ETs both in physiological and in pathological contexts. In addition, we evaluated some possible strategies to target ETs aimed at either preventing their formation or degrading existing ones.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/627ETsETosisNETsNETosisneutrophilsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Stelvio Tonello Nicole Vercellino Davide D’Onghia Alessia Fracchia Giulia Caria Daniele Sola Paolo Amedeo Tillio Pier Paolo Sainaghi Donato Colangelo Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets Life ETs ETosis NETs NETosis neutrophils inflammation |
| title | Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full | Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_fullStr | Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_short | Extracellular Traps in Inflammation: Pathways and Therapeutic Targets |
| title_sort | extracellular traps in inflammation pathways and therapeutic targets |
| topic | ETs ETosis NETs NETosis neutrophils inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/15/4/627 |
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