Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests

Bedrock fault dislocation is a crucial structural factor influencing landslide movement. Accurately predicting the location and scale of rupture zones within a slope body is essential for effective slope construction design and risk mitigation. Based on an analysis of seismic damage in slope cross-b...

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Main Authors: Jianke Ma, Jianyi Zhang, Yijie Song, Ziyi Feng, Jing Tian, Jun Gu, Xiaobo Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1950
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author Jianke Ma
Jianyi Zhang
Yijie Song
Ziyi Feng
Jing Tian
Jun Gu
Xiaobo Li
author_facet Jianke Ma
Jianyi Zhang
Yijie Song
Ziyi Feng
Jing Tian
Jun Gu
Xiaobo Li
author_sort Jianke Ma
collection DOAJ
description Bedrock fault dislocation is a crucial structural factor influencing landslide movement. Accurately predicting the location and scale of rupture zones within a slope body is essential for effective slope construction design and risk mitigation. Based on an analysis of seismic damage in slope cross-bedrock faults, this article creatively realizes the physical model test of the slope and its covering layer site with soil rupture zones at the top and toe of the slope caused by the dislocation of the bedrock normal fault. Through the model test, macroscopic phenomena were observed, and microscopic analysis was obtained by deploying sensors. The main results were as follows: (i) The evolutionary process of the instability mechanism could be divided into three stages: crack damage stage (Stage I), crack expansion and penetration stage (Stage II), and slope instability stage (Stage III). (ii) Two rupture modes of the soil body in the slope under bedrock dislocation were identified, with the rupture mode at the slope crest having a greater impact on the soil slope. (iii) Inferring the position of bedrock faults through the location of the main rupture zones on the slope surface represents a feasible supplementary method for identifying seismogenic structures during field surveys. These research results provide a scientific basis for the stability assessment of cross-fault slopes and the reinforcement design of landslide disasters.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-526fd0b91c724f108cd897c7cfc90d802025-08-20T02:44:55ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01154195010.3390/app15041950Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model TestsJianke Ma0Jianyi Zhang1Yijie Song2Ziyi Feng3Jing Tian4Jun Gu5Xiaobo Li6School of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaSchool of Geological Engineering, Institute of Disaster Prevention, Langfang 065201, ChinaBedrock fault dislocation is a crucial structural factor influencing landslide movement. Accurately predicting the location and scale of rupture zones within a slope body is essential for effective slope construction design and risk mitigation. Based on an analysis of seismic damage in slope cross-bedrock faults, this article creatively realizes the physical model test of the slope and its covering layer site with soil rupture zones at the top and toe of the slope caused by the dislocation of the bedrock normal fault. Through the model test, macroscopic phenomena were observed, and microscopic analysis was obtained by deploying sensors. The main results were as follows: (i) The evolutionary process of the instability mechanism could be divided into three stages: crack damage stage (Stage I), crack expansion and penetration stage (Stage II), and slope instability stage (Stage III). (ii) Two rupture modes of the soil body in the slope under bedrock dislocation were identified, with the rupture mode at the slope crest having a greater impact on the soil slope. (iii) Inferring the position of bedrock faults through the location of the main rupture zones on the slope surface represents a feasible supplementary method for identifying seismogenic structures during field surveys. These research results provide a scientific basis for the stability assessment of cross-fault slopes and the reinforcement design of landslide disasters.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1950bedrock fault dislocationsoil slopemain rupture zonefailure mechanismphysical model test
spellingShingle Jianke Ma
Jianyi Zhang
Yijie Song
Ziyi Feng
Jing Tian
Jun Gu
Xiaobo Li
Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
Applied Sciences
bedrock fault dislocation
soil slope
main rupture zone
failure mechanism
physical model test
title Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
title_full Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
title_fullStr Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
title_full_unstemmed Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
title_short Failure Mechanism of Sandy Soil Slopes Under High-Angle Normal Bedrock-Fault Dislocation: Physical Model Tests
title_sort failure mechanism of sandy soil slopes under high angle normal bedrock fault dislocation physical model tests
topic bedrock fault dislocation
soil slope
main rupture zone
failure mechanism
physical model test
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1950
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