Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways

Steel rebars with excellent strength and toughness are considered promising construction materials used in deep coal mine roadways. However, the harsh and complex loading conditions in deep mining often leads to damage and failure of support structures. In this work, we propose an effective strategy...

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Main Authors: Huan Zhang, Min Zhang, Zhunli Tan, Jianzhong He, Wenbo Yu, Xiaomin Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010956
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author Huan Zhang
Min Zhang
Zhunli Tan
Jianzhong He
Wenbo Yu
Xiaomin Zhao
author_facet Huan Zhang
Min Zhang
Zhunli Tan
Jianzhong He
Wenbo Yu
Xiaomin Zhao
author_sort Huan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Steel rebars with excellent strength and toughness are considered promising construction materials used in deep coal mine roadways. However, the harsh and complex loading conditions in deep mining often leads to damage and failure of support structures. In this work, we propose an effective strategy to address these challenges by designing a heterogeneous microstructure into steel rebars to tune mechanical behaviors via varying intercritical quenching temperatures. This process not only leads to a heterogeneous microstructure containing ferrite and granular structure with different phase fractions but also promotes the precipitation of abundant nanosized V-precipitates, contributing to microstructure refinement. The heterogeneous microstructure was thoroughly characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, TEM and EBSD, while its mechanical properties were investigated through tensile tests and Charpy impact tests. Results show that as the intercritical quenching temperature increases from 750 to 830 °C, lower bainite is gradually replaced by granular structure, ferrite volume fraction decreases and lath martensite disappears completely, while retained austenite volume fraction is the highest at 800 °C. The heterostructure influences overall strength fluctuation through dislocation strengthening, and effectively improves both impact toughness and plasticity collectively attributed to higher retained austenite and variant selection. 700 MPa bainitic steel rebars with excellent mechanical properties (YS > 730 MPa, UTS >1100 MPa, E > 25% and Akv > 43 J) can be obtained with a yield ratio of 0.66. This study presents a hierarchical microstructure design for developing high-performance steel rebars, offering an effective avenue to the long-standing conflicts between strength and toughness.
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spelling doaj-art-526cec0f27284477a4e7a776ef7276572025-08-20T03:13:46ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01366282629410.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.274Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadwaysHuan Zhang0Min Zhang1Zhunli Tan2Jianzhong He3Wenbo Yu4Xiaomin Zhao5School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; Corresponding author.School of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaR&D Center, Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Corporation Limited, Baotou, 014010, ChinaSchool of Mechanical and Electronic Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, ChinaR&D Center, Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Corporation Limited, Baotou, 014010, ChinaSteel rebars with excellent strength and toughness are considered promising construction materials used in deep coal mine roadways. However, the harsh and complex loading conditions in deep mining often leads to damage and failure of support structures. In this work, we propose an effective strategy to address these challenges by designing a heterogeneous microstructure into steel rebars to tune mechanical behaviors via varying intercritical quenching temperatures. This process not only leads to a heterogeneous microstructure containing ferrite and granular structure with different phase fractions but also promotes the precipitation of abundant nanosized V-precipitates, contributing to microstructure refinement. The heterogeneous microstructure was thoroughly characterized by OM, SEM, XRD, TEM and EBSD, while its mechanical properties were investigated through tensile tests and Charpy impact tests. Results show that as the intercritical quenching temperature increases from 750 to 830 °C, lower bainite is gradually replaced by granular structure, ferrite volume fraction decreases and lath martensite disappears completely, while retained austenite volume fraction is the highest at 800 °C. The heterostructure influences overall strength fluctuation through dislocation strengthening, and effectively improves both impact toughness and plasticity collectively attributed to higher retained austenite and variant selection. 700 MPa bainitic steel rebars with excellent mechanical properties (YS > 730 MPa, UTS >1100 MPa, E > 25% and Akv > 43 J) can be obtained with a yield ratio of 0.66. This study presents a hierarchical microstructure design for developing high-performance steel rebars, offering an effective avenue to the long-standing conflicts between strength and toughness.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010956High-strength steel rebarsHeterogeneous structureGranular structureVanadium microalloyingStrengthening mechanism
spellingShingle Huan Zhang
Min Zhang
Zhunli Tan
Jianzhong He
Wenbo Yu
Xiaomin Zhao
Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
High-strength steel rebars
Heterogeneous structure
Granular structure
Vanadium microalloying
Strengthening mechanism
title Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
title_full Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
title_fullStr Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
title_full_unstemmed Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
title_short Hierarchical microstructure design for strength-toughness optimization of 700 MPa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
title_sort hierarchical microstructure design for strength toughness optimization of 700 mpa steel rebars in deep coal mine roadways
topic High-strength steel rebars
Heterogeneous structure
Granular structure
Vanadium microalloying
Strengthening mechanism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010956
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