Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development

Certain insect-specific viruses (ISVs), specifically the mosquito alphaviruses, Eilat and Yada Yada viruses, and orthoflaviviruses, Binjari, Aripo, YN15-283-02 and Chaoyang viruses, have emerged as potential platforms for generation of whole virus vaccines for human and veterinary applications. Thes...

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Main Authors: Roy A. Hall, Wilson Nguyen, Alexander A. Khromykh, Andreas Suhrbier
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521104/full
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author Roy A. Hall
Roy A. Hall
Wilson Nguyen
Alexander A. Khromykh
Alexander A. Khromykh
Andreas Suhrbier
Andreas Suhrbier
author_facet Roy A. Hall
Roy A. Hall
Wilson Nguyen
Alexander A. Khromykh
Alexander A. Khromykh
Andreas Suhrbier
Andreas Suhrbier
author_sort Roy A. Hall
collection DOAJ
description Certain insect-specific viruses (ISVs), specifically the mosquito alphaviruses, Eilat and Yada Yada viruses, and orthoflaviviruses, Binjari, Aripo, YN15-283-02 and Chaoyang viruses, have emerged as potential platforms for generation of whole virus vaccines for human and veterinary applications. These ISVs are remarkably tolerant of the substitution of their structural polyproteins with those of alphaviruses and orthoflaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans and/or animals. The resulting ISV-based chimeric vaccines have been evaluated in mouse models and have demonstrated safety and efficacy in non-human primates, crocodiles and pigs. Targets include chikungunya, Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. ISV-based chimeric vaccines provide authentically folded tertiary and quaternary whole virion particle structures to the immune system, a key feature for induction of protective antibody responses. These vaccines are manufactured in C6/36 or C7-10 mosquito cell lines, where they grow to high titers, but they do not replicate in vertebrate vaccine recipients. This review discusses the progress of these emerging technologies and addresses challenges related to adjuvanting, safety, and manufacturing.
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spelling doaj-art-525728b6b8414b95a942f4dc599c7ea72025-08-20T02:52:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-03-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15211041521104Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine developmentRoy A. Hall0Roy A. Hall1Wilson Nguyen2Alexander A. Khromykh3Alexander A. Khromykh4Andreas Suhrbier5Andreas Suhrbier6School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, AustraliaGlobal Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaInflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, AustraliaGlobal Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaGlobal Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaInflammation Biology Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaCertain insect-specific viruses (ISVs), specifically the mosquito alphaviruses, Eilat and Yada Yada viruses, and orthoflaviviruses, Binjari, Aripo, YN15-283-02 and Chaoyang viruses, have emerged as potential platforms for generation of whole virus vaccines for human and veterinary applications. These ISVs are remarkably tolerant of the substitution of their structural polyproteins with those of alphaviruses and orthoflaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans and/or animals. The resulting ISV-based chimeric vaccines have been evaluated in mouse models and have demonstrated safety and efficacy in non-human primates, crocodiles and pigs. Targets include chikungunya, Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis, dengue, Zika, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses. ISV-based chimeric vaccines provide authentically folded tertiary and quaternary whole virion particle structures to the immune system, a key feature for induction of protective antibody responses. These vaccines are manufactured in C6/36 or C7-10 mosquito cell lines, where they grow to high titers, but they do not replicate in vertebrate vaccine recipients. This review discusses the progress of these emerging technologies and addresses challenges related to adjuvanting, safety, and manufacturing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521104/fullvaccinearbovirusEilat virusBinjari virusYada Yada virusAripo virus
spellingShingle Roy A. Hall
Roy A. Hall
Wilson Nguyen
Alexander A. Khromykh
Alexander A. Khromykh
Andreas Suhrbier
Andreas Suhrbier
Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
Frontiers in Immunology
vaccine
arbovirus
Eilat virus
Binjari virus
Yada Yada virus
Aripo virus
title Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
title_full Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
title_fullStr Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
title_full_unstemmed Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
title_short Insect-specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
title_sort insect specific virus platforms for arbovirus vaccine development
topic vaccine
arbovirus
Eilat virus
Binjari virus
Yada Yada virus
Aripo virus
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521104/full
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