Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change

Abstract Climate change negatively affects mountainous plants and leads to their range contraction or extinction. Cushion plants are the essential components of mountainous ecosystems. Although cushions represent the dominant vegetation form of the mountains of the Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotsp...

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Main Authors: Zohreh Atashgahi, Mohammad Bagher Erfanian, Hamid Moazzeni, Gelareh Shemirani, Atefeh Pirani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00453-0
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author Zohreh Atashgahi
Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
Hamid Moazzeni
Gelareh Shemirani
Atefeh Pirani
author_facet Zohreh Atashgahi
Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
Hamid Moazzeni
Gelareh Shemirani
Atefeh Pirani
author_sort Zohreh Atashgahi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Climate change negatively affects mountainous plants and leads to their range contraction or extinction. Cushion plants are the essential components of mountainous ecosystems. Although cushions represent the dominant vegetation form of the mountains of the Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotspot, the impacts of climate change on these plants have been merely studied. The present study investigates the effects of climate change on the distribution of endemic cushion species in the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh (KK) floristic province, the eastern-most part of the Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotspot. We predicted the current and future range of 19 cushions in 2040 and 2100, using 19 bioclimatic layers along with two different SSPs and an ensemble of 12 modeling algorithms. These species belong to Acantholimon, Acanthophyllum, Astragalus, Jurinea, and Thymus genera. Our findings revealed that approximately all studied species will face range contraction. On the other hand, Jurinea antunowi, Acantholimon restiaceum, and Acanthophyllum speciosum will show negligible responses to climate change effects. Moreover, all analyzed species would shift upward in their altitudinal distribution range. The predicted range size contraction of the surveyed genera will vary between 36 to 91 percent, where Acanthophyllum and Thymus will show the least and the most contraction, respectively. Based on our findings, we have provided recommendations for conservation of vulnerable species and sustainable mountainous habitats restorations.
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spelling doaj-art-524f0dd581124f52be116c7a6d554d8a2025-08-20T03:09:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-00453-0Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate changeZohreh Atashgahi0Mohammad Bagher Erfanian1Hamid Moazzeni2Gelareh Shemirani3Atefeh Pirani4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of MashhadAbstract Climate change negatively affects mountainous plants and leads to their range contraction or extinction. Cushion plants are the essential components of mountainous ecosystems. Although cushions represent the dominant vegetation form of the mountains of the Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotspot, the impacts of climate change on these plants have been merely studied. The present study investigates the effects of climate change on the distribution of endemic cushion species in the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh (KK) floristic province, the eastern-most part of the Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotspot. We predicted the current and future range of 19 cushions in 2040 and 2100, using 19 bioclimatic layers along with two different SSPs and an ensemble of 12 modeling algorithms. These species belong to Acantholimon, Acanthophyllum, Astragalus, Jurinea, and Thymus genera. Our findings revealed that approximately all studied species will face range contraction. On the other hand, Jurinea antunowi, Acantholimon restiaceum, and Acanthophyllum speciosum will show negligible responses to climate change effects. Moreover, all analyzed species would shift upward in their altitudinal distribution range. The predicted range size contraction of the surveyed genera will vary between 36 to 91 percent, where Acanthophyllum and Thymus will show the least and the most contraction, respectively. Based on our findings, we have provided recommendations for conservation of vulnerable species and sustainable mountainous habitats restorations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00453-0Climate changeCushion plantsIrano-TuranianKhorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province
spellingShingle Zohreh Atashgahi
Mohammad Bagher Erfanian
Hamid Moazzeni
Gelareh Shemirani
Atefeh Pirani
Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
Scientific Reports
Climate change
Cushion plants
Irano-Turanian
Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province
title Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
title_full Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
title_fullStr Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
title_full_unstemmed Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
title_short Endemic cushions of the Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
title_sort endemic cushions of the khorassan kopet dagh floristic province show differential responses to future climate change
topic Climate change
Cushion plants
Irano-Turanian
Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00453-0
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