First autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 to humans in Spain

West Nile Virus (WNV) lineage 2, primarily endemic to parts of Africa and Europe, has recently emerged as a public health concern in new geographic regions. In 2024, the first autochthonous human case of neuroinvasive disease caused by WNV lineage 2 was identified in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Molec...

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Main Authors: Maria Lara, Carlos S. Casimiro-Soriguer, Irene Pedrosa-Corral, Cristina Gómez-Camarasa, Nicola Lorusso, Jose M. Navarro-Marí, Joaquin Dopazo, Javier Perez-Florido, Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425000722
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Summary:West Nile Virus (WNV) lineage 2, primarily endemic to parts of Africa and Europe, has recently emerged as a public health concern in new geographic regions. In 2024, the first autochthonous human case of neuroinvasive disease caused by WNV lineage 2 was identified in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Molecular testing and whole-genome sequencing confirmed WNV lineage 2 as the causative agent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship with strains circulating in Central Europe, distinct from previous WNV lineage 2 detections in Spain. Concurrently, WNV lineage 2 RNA was detected in an imperial eagle near the case location, suggesting local viral circulation. This case marks a significant shift in WNV epidemiology in Spain, where lineage 1 has historically been dominant. The findings underscore the expanding range of WNV lineage 2 and the necessity for enhanced vector surveillance, genomic monitoring, and strengthened One Health strategies to mitigate future outbreaks and protect public health.
ISSN:2352-7714