Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System
Mode division multiplexing (MDM) techniques provide significant enhancement of the capacity of optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) short-reach communication systems, like the datacenter interconnection scenarios. While the introduction of multiple modes leads to mode coupling t...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Jianyu Long Chen Wang Ying Wu Bohan Sang Chengzhen Bian Xiongwei Yang Long Zhang Yifan Chen Qinyi Zhang Ying Wang Yichen Li Wen Zhou Kaihui Wang Bo Liu Lei Shen Jianjun Yu |
| author_facet | Jianyu Long Chen Wang Ying Wu Bohan Sang Chengzhen Bian Xiongwei Yang Long Zhang Yifan Chen Qinyi Zhang Ying Wang Yichen Li Wen Zhou Kaihui Wang Bo Liu Lei Shen Jianjun Yu |
| author_sort | Jianyu Long |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mode division multiplexing (MDM) techniques provide significant enhancement of the capacity of optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) short-reach communication systems, like the datacenter interconnection scenarios. While the introduction of multiple modes leads to mode coupling that will extremely deteriorate the received signals, two approaches have been explored to address this issue: one involves the application of all-link weakly coupled components to suppress modal crosstalk, while the other utilizes optical multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) equalizers based on optical devices for signal decoupling. However, pure digital signal processing (DSP)-based schemes for mode decoupling in IM/DD MDM systems with strong mode coupling remain unexplored. In this paper, we propose to use a frequency-domain MIMO equalizer for compensating the modal interference in the strong-coupling linear-polarized (LP) MDM IM/DD system. The signal recovery capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation. Finally, we successfully experimentally demonstrate the transmission of on–off-key (OOK) signals in a six-LP-mode strong-coupling MDM IM/DD system over a 10 km few-mode fiber, employing a pair of strong-coupling mode multiplexers/demultiplexers. The experimental results indicate that, with the frequency-domain MIMO equalizer, OOK signals from all modes can be recovered with an 11% hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 8.3 × <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The proposed method facilitated by flexible DSP software offers an alternative for short-reach communication systems and has the potential to advance the practical application of MDM techniques in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5213e6cfaf174a46a35c893f1796c834 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-5213e6cfaf174a46a35c893f1796c8342025-08-20T03:13:45ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258256210.3390/s25082562Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission SystemJianyu Long0Chen Wang1Ying Wu2Bohan Sang3Chengzhen Bian4Xiongwei Yang5Long Zhang6Yifan Chen7Qinyi Zhang8Ying Wang9Yichen Li10Wen Zhou11Kaihui Wang12Bo Liu13Lei Shen14Jianjun Yu15State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaYangtze Optical Fiber and Cable Joint Stock Limited Company (YOFC), Wuhan 430073, ChinaState Key Laboratory of ASIC and System, Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE), School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, ChinaMode division multiplexing (MDM) techniques provide significant enhancement of the capacity of optical intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) short-reach communication systems, like the datacenter interconnection scenarios. While the introduction of multiple modes leads to mode coupling that will extremely deteriorate the received signals, two approaches have been explored to address this issue: one involves the application of all-link weakly coupled components to suppress modal crosstalk, while the other utilizes optical multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) equalizers based on optical devices for signal decoupling. However, pure digital signal processing (DSP)-based schemes for mode decoupling in IM/DD MDM systems with strong mode coupling remain unexplored. In this paper, we propose to use a frequency-domain MIMO equalizer for compensating the modal interference in the strong-coupling linear-polarized (LP) MDM IM/DD system. The signal recovery capability of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulation. Finally, we successfully experimentally demonstrate the transmission of on–off-key (OOK) signals in a six-LP-mode strong-coupling MDM IM/DD system over a 10 km few-mode fiber, employing a pair of strong-coupling mode multiplexers/demultiplexers. The experimental results indicate that, with the frequency-domain MIMO equalizer, OOK signals from all modes can be recovered with an 11% hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 8.3 × <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The proposed method facilitated by flexible DSP software offers an alternative for short-reach communication systems and has the potential to advance the practical application of MDM techniques in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2562digital signal processingintensity modulation and direct detectionmode division multiplexingmultiple-input–multiple-output equalizer |
| spellingShingle | Jianyu Long Chen Wang Ying Wu Bohan Sang Chengzhen Bian Xiongwei Yang Long Zhang Yifan Chen Qinyi Zhang Ying Wang Yichen Li Wen Zhou Kaihui Wang Bo Liu Lei Shen Jianjun Yu Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System Sensors digital signal processing intensity modulation and direct detection mode division multiplexing multiple-input–multiple-output equalizer |
| title | Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System |
| title_full | Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System |
| title_fullStr | Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System |
| title_short | Digital Frequency-Domain MIMO Equalizer Enabling Six-LP-Mode Strong-Coupling IM/DD MDM Optical Transmission System |
| title_sort | digital frequency domain mimo equalizer enabling six lp mode strong coupling im dd mdm optical transmission system |
| topic | digital signal processing intensity modulation and direct detection mode division multiplexing multiple-input–multiple-output equalizer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2562 |
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