Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach

Historical maps contain valuable topographic information, including altimetry in the form of annotated elevation contours. These contours are essential for understanding past terrain configurations, particularly in areas affected by human activities such as mining or dam construction. To make this d...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jakub Vynikal, Jan Pacina
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/201
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849711264410894336
author Jakub Vynikal
Jan Pacina
author_facet Jakub Vynikal
Jan Pacina
author_sort Jakub Vynikal
collection DOAJ
description Historical maps contain valuable topographic information, including altimetry in the form of annotated elevation contours. These contours are essential for understanding past terrain configurations, particularly in areas affected by human activities such as mining or dam construction. To make this data usable in modern GIS applications, the contours must be vectorized—a process that often requires extensive manual work due to noise, inconsistent symbology, and topological disruptions like annotations or sheet boundaries. In this study, we apply a convolutional neural network (U-Net) to improve the automation of this vectorization process. Leveraging a recent benchmark for historical map vectorization, our method demonstrates increased robustness to disruptive factors and reduces the need for manual corrections.
format Article
id doaj-art-521149eac06445c98d3679dcecee555e
institution DOAJ
issn 2220-9964
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
spelling doaj-art-521149eac06445c98d3679dcecee555e2025-08-20T03:14:39ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642025-05-0114520110.3390/ijgi14050201Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning ApproachJakub Vynikal0Jan Pacina1Department of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 36 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Thákurova 7, 166 36 Prague, Czech RepublicHistorical maps contain valuable topographic information, including altimetry in the form of annotated elevation contours. These contours are essential for understanding past terrain configurations, particularly in areas affected by human activities such as mining or dam construction. To make this data usable in modern GIS applications, the contours must be vectorized—a process that often requires extensive manual work due to noise, inconsistent symbology, and topological disruptions like annotations or sheet boundaries. In this study, we apply a convolutional neural network (U-Net) to improve the automation of this vectorization process. Leveraging a recent benchmark for historical map vectorization, our method demonstrates increased robustness to disruptive factors and reduces the need for manual corrections.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/201automatic vectorizationdeep learningelevation contourshistorical geographyhistorical mapsneural networks
spellingShingle Jakub Vynikal
Jan Pacina
Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
automatic vectorization
deep learning
elevation contours
historical geography
historical maps
neural networks
title Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
title_full Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
title_fullStr Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
title_full_unstemmed Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
title_short Automatic Elevation Contour Vectorization: A Case Study in a Deep Learning Approach
title_sort automatic elevation contour vectorization a case study in a deep learning approach
topic automatic vectorization
deep learning
elevation contours
historical geography
historical maps
neural networks
url https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/5/201
work_keys_str_mv AT jakubvynikal automaticelevationcontourvectorizationacasestudyinadeeplearningapproach
AT janpacina automaticelevationcontourvectorizationacasestudyinadeeplearningapproach