Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy

Abstract Fertility rates are influenced by a multitude of socioeconomic and demographic factors, including women's income, human capital, participation in civil society, and life expectancy. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in emerging economies like Türkiye, where structural inequalitie...

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Main Authors: Burhan Durgun, Selman Kızılkaya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Social Science and Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00244-y
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author Burhan Durgun
Selman Kızılkaya
author_facet Burhan Durgun
Selman Kızılkaya
author_sort Burhan Durgun
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fertility rates are influenced by a multitude of socioeconomic and demographic factors, including women's income, human capital, participation in civil society, and life expectancy. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in emerging economies like Türkiye, where structural inequalities and sociopolitical shifts create unique challenges and opportunities for policy intervention. This study aims to investigate the determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye, focusing on the roles of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy. The research utilizes annual data spanning 1990 to 2022 and applies advanced econometric methodologies, including Fourier ADL cointegration tests and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimation. The findings reveal a significant nonlinear relationship between women's income and fertility rates, consistent with the fertility-income Kuznets curve hypothesis. Women's human capital and civil participation exhibit strong negative correlations with fertility. However, the negative effect of life expectancy at birth does not attain statistical significance. Together, these results highlight the interplay of income, human capital, and civil participation in shaping fertility trends, while emphasizing the need for further exploration of life expectancy's role. This study underscores the importance of addressing structural barriers to women’s human capital development and fertility reduction in Türkiye. By identifying the complex interplay of income, human capital, civil participation, and life expectancy, the research provides valuable insights for fostering inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic progress. Targeted policies promoting women's education, economic empowerment, and civil liberties are essential for achieving long-term fertility stabilization and advancing gender equality.
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spelling doaj-art-520eee8c6ca54b2eb4bd0752863f878c2025-08-20T03:22:57ZengSpringerDiscover Social Science and Health2731-04692025-06-015111110.1007/s44155-025-00244-yDeterminants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancyBurhan Durgun0Selman Kızılkaya1Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dicle UniversityDepartment of Health Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dicle UniversityAbstract Fertility rates are influenced by a multitude of socioeconomic and demographic factors, including women's income, human capital, participation in civil society, and life expectancy. Understanding these dynamics is crucial in emerging economies like Türkiye, where structural inequalities and sociopolitical shifts create unique challenges and opportunities for policy intervention. This study aims to investigate the determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye, focusing on the roles of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy. The research utilizes annual data spanning 1990 to 2022 and applies advanced econometric methodologies, including Fourier ADL cointegration tests and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) estimation. The findings reveal a significant nonlinear relationship between women's income and fertility rates, consistent with the fertility-income Kuznets curve hypothesis. Women's human capital and civil participation exhibit strong negative correlations with fertility. However, the negative effect of life expectancy at birth does not attain statistical significance. Together, these results highlight the interplay of income, human capital, and civil participation in shaping fertility trends, while emphasizing the need for further exploration of life expectancy's role. This study underscores the importance of addressing structural barriers to women’s human capital development and fertility reduction in Türkiye. By identifying the complex interplay of income, human capital, civil participation, and life expectancy, the research provides valuable insights for fostering inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic progress. Targeted policies promoting women's education, economic empowerment, and civil liberties are essential for achieving long-term fertility stabilization and advancing gender equality.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00244-yFertilityWomen’s human capitalCivil participationLife expectancy
spellingShingle Burhan Durgun
Selman Kızılkaya
Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
Discover Social Science and Health
Fertility
Women’s human capital
Civil participation
Life expectancy
title Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
title_full Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
title_fullStr Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
title_short Determinants of fertility rates in Türkiye: the role of women's income, human capital, participation in civil society and life expectancy
title_sort determinants of fertility rates in turkiye the role of women s income human capital participation in civil society and life expectancy
topic Fertility
Women’s human capital
Civil participation
Life expectancy
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00244-y
work_keys_str_mv AT burhandurgun determinantsoffertilityratesinturkiyetheroleofwomensincomehumancapitalparticipationincivilsocietyandlifeexpectancy
AT selmankızılkaya determinantsoffertilityratesinturkiyetheroleofwomensincomehumancapitalparticipationincivilsocietyandlifeexpectancy