Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i>
<i>Caragana intermedia</i> is a perennial shrub species in the genus <i>Caragana</i> (Fabaceae), demonstrating remarkable stress resistance and adaptability. However, research on its somatic embryogenesis (SE) and genetic transformation techniques remains limited. In this stu...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| author | Ju Tian Jialei Zhu Xiaohan Deng Xu Zhu Ruigang Wang Guojing Li |
| author_facet | Ju Tian Jialei Zhu Xiaohan Deng Xu Zhu Ruigang Wang Guojing Li |
| author_sort | Ju Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Caragana intermedia</i> is a perennial shrub species in the genus <i>Caragana</i> (Fabaceae), demonstrating remarkable stress resistance and adaptability. However, research on its somatic embryogenesis (SE) and genetic transformation techniques remains limited. In this study, we established an SE system by utilizing immature cotyledons isolated from young <i>C. intermedia</i> seeds. Our findings demonstrated that the immature cotyledons at 6–7 weeks after flowering (WAF) were the best explants for SE. The optimal embryo induction medium consisted of an MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and 500 mg/L hydrolyzed casein. Cotyledon-stage embryos germinated on a half-strength MS medium, exhibiting a 34.36% germination rate. Based on the SE system, we developed a preliminary genetic transformation system using the <i>RUBY</i> reporter gene, which successfully generated transgenic calli and cotyledon-stage embryos. The establishment of the SE system is expected to shorten breeding cycles, facilitate propagation of superior cultivars, and support large-scale industrial applications in <i>C. intermedia</i>. Furthermore, the stable transformation system provides a platform for molecular breeding and gene function verification. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52012d427bd7428bbb3d4c37d7820d27 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-52012d427bd7428bbb3d4c37d7820d272025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-05-011410154510.3390/plants14101545Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i>Ju Tian0Jialei Zhu1Xiaohan Deng2Xu Zhu3Ruigang Wang4Guojing Li5Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaSchool of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plants Adversity Adaptation and Genetic Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China<i>Caragana intermedia</i> is a perennial shrub species in the genus <i>Caragana</i> (Fabaceae), demonstrating remarkable stress resistance and adaptability. However, research on its somatic embryogenesis (SE) and genetic transformation techniques remains limited. In this study, we established an SE system by utilizing immature cotyledons isolated from young <i>C. intermedia</i> seeds. Our findings demonstrated that the immature cotyledons at 6–7 weeks after flowering (WAF) were the best explants for SE. The optimal embryo induction medium consisted of an MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and 500 mg/L hydrolyzed casein. Cotyledon-stage embryos germinated on a half-strength MS medium, exhibiting a 34.36% germination rate. Based on the SE system, we developed a preliminary genetic transformation system using the <i>RUBY</i> reporter gene, which successfully generated transgenic calli and cotyledon-stage embryos. The establishment of the SE system is expected to shorten breeding cycles, facilitate propagation of superior cultivars, and support large-scale industrial applications in <i>C. intermedia</i>. Furthermore, the stable transformation system provides a platform for molecular breeding and gene function verification.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1545cotyledonplant tissue cultureembryogenic callusmorphogenesisGMO |
| spellingShingle | Ju Tian Jialei Zhu Xiaohan Deng Xu Zhu Ruigang Wang Guojing Li Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> Plants cotyledon plant tissue culture embryogenic callus morphogenesis GMO |
| title | Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> |
| title_full | Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> |
| title_fullStr | Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> |
| title_short | Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of <i>Caragana intermedia</i> |
| title_sort | somatic embryogenesis and genetic transformation of i caragana intermedia i |
| topic | cotyledon plant tissue culture embryogenic callus morphogenesis GMO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/10/1545 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jutian somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai AT jialeizhu somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai AT xiaohandeng somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai AT xuzhu somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai AT ruigangwang somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai AT guojingli somaticembryogenesisandgenetictransformationoficaraganaintermediai |