Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana
The soybean is an important source of protein and is gaining popularity in Ghana due to a rising demand for its use in the poultry industry. However, the grain yield of soybeans is relatively low in the Upper West Region due to infertile soil and climate change. This study evaluated root nodulation...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Mmatladi Tesia Mataboge Mustapha Mohammed Felix Dapare Dakora |
| author_facet | Mmatladi Tesia Mataboge Mustapha Mohammed Felix Dapare Dakora |
| author_sort | Mmatladi Tesia Mataboge |
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| description | The soybean is an important source of protein and is gaining popularity in Ghana due to a rising demand for its use in the poultry industry. However, the grain yield of soybeans is relatively low in the Upper West Region due to infertile soil and climate change. This study evaluated root nodulation and symbiotic effectiveness in 31 rhizobial isolates obtained from the nodules of soybeans planted at Da in the Upper West Region, Ghana, as well as measured photosynthetic activity of the soybean plants grown under glasshouse conditions. This study further assessed the tolerance of the rhizobial isolates to different levels of temperature, drought, salinity, and pH in the laboratory and also measured the ability of the isolates to produce indole-3-acetic acid. An infrared gas analyser and the <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>13</sup>C natural abundance techniques were used to assess the photosynthetic activity, N<sub>2</sub> fixation, and water-use efficiency, respectively. The results showed that the test isolates that induced greater photosynthetic rates from higher stomatal conductance also stimulated increased water loss via leaf transpiration in soybean plants. Isolates TUTGMGH9 and TUTGMGH19 elicited much higher shoot δ<sup>13</sup>C in the soybean host plant and induced higher shoot biomass, C accumulation, percent relative symbiotic effectiveness, and N<sub>2</sub> fixation relative to <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> strain WB74 and 5 mM of nitrate, which were used as positive controls. Although isolate TUTGMGH9 did not grow at 40 °C, it showed growth at 5% of PEG-6000, NaCl, and a low pH while also producing moderate IAA. However, for better utilisation of these rhizobial isolates as bioinoculants, their growth performance needs to be assessed under field conditions to ascertain their competitiveness and symbiotic efficacy. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-51f54c8a83f048fdbf14dcca4567136a2025-08-20T03:13:55ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113487610.3390/microorganisms13040876Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, GhanaMmatladi Tesia Mataboge0Mustapha Mohammed1Felix Dapare Dakora2Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaDepartment of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL 1882, GhanaDepartment of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaThe soybean is an important source of protein and is gaining popularity in Ghana due to a rising demand for its use in the poultry industry. However, the grain yield of soybeans is relatively low in the Upper West Region due to infertile soil and climate change. This study evaluated root nodulation and symbiotic effectiveness in 31 rhizobial isolates obtained from the nodules of soybeans planted at Da in the Upper West Region, Ghana, as well as measured photosynthetic activity of the soybean plants grown under glasshouse conditions. This study further assessed the tolerance of the rhizobial isolates to different levels of temperature, drought, salinity, and pH in the laboratory and also measured the ability of the isolates to produce indole-3-acetic acid. An infrared gas analyser and the <sup>15</sup>N and <sup>13</sup>C natural abundance techniques were used to assess the photosynthetic activity, N<sub>2</sub> fixation, and water-use efficiency, respectively. The results showed that the test isolates that induced greater photosynthetic rates from higher stomatal conductance also stimulated increased water loss via leaf transpiration in soybean plants. Isolates TUTGMGH9 and TUTGMGH19 elicited much higher shoot δ<sup>13</sup>C in the soybean host plant and induced higher shoot biomass, C accumulation, percent relative symbiotic effectiveness, and N<sub>2</sub> fixation relative to <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> strain WB74 and 5 mM of nitrate, which were used as positive controls. Although isolate TUTGMGH9 did not grow at 40 °C, it showed growth at 5% of PEG-6000, NaCl, and a low pH while also producing moderate IAA. However, for better utilisation of these rhizobial isolates as bioinoculants, their growth performance needs to be assessed under field conditions to ascertain their competitiveness and symbiotic efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/876root nodulationrhizobia<sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N isotopes<sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>Csymbiotic effectiveness |
| spellingShingle | Mmatladi Tesia Mataboge Mustapha Mohammed Felix Dapare Dakora Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana Microorganisms root nodulation rhizobia <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N isotopes <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C symbiotic effectiveness |
| title | Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana |
| title_full | Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana |
| title_fullStr | Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana |
| title_short | Symbiotic N<sub>2</sub> Fixation, Leaf Photosynthesis, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Native Rhizobia Isolated from Soybean Nodules at Da, Upper West Region, Ghana |
| title_sort | symbiotic n sub 2 sub fixation leaf photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance of native rhizobia isolated from soybean nodules at da upper west region ghana |
| topic | root nodulation rhizobia <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N isotopes <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C symbiotic effectiveness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/876 |
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