Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models

BackgroundOATD-01 is a chitinase-1 (CHIT1) inhibitor, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in animal models where chronic inflammation leads to tissue remodeling. CHIT1, predominantly secreted by macrophages, is overexpressed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).Methods and resul...

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Main Authors: Katarzyna Drzewicka, Katarzyna M. Głuchowska, Michal Mlącki, Bartłomiej Hofman, Irina Tuszyńska, Tristram A. J. Ryan, Katarzyna Piwowar, Bartosz Wilczyński, Dorota Dymkowska, Marcin M. Grzybowski, Barbara Dymek, Tomasz Rejczak, Kamil Lisiecki, Adam Gołębiowski, Adam Jagielski, Angelika Muchowicz, Dylan Ryan, Krzysztof Zabłocki, Luke A. J. O’Neill, Zbigniew Zasłona
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1544973/full
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author Katarzyna Drzewicka
Katarzyna M. Głuchowska
Michal Mlącki
Bartłomiej Hofman
Irina Tuszyńska
Tristram A. J. Ryan
Katarzyna Piwowar
Bartosz Wilczyński
Dorota Dymkowska
Marcin M. Grzybowski
Barbara Dymek
Tomasz Rejczak
Kamil Lisiecki
Adam Gołębiowski
Adam Jagielski
Angelika Muchowicz
Dylan Ryan
Krzysztof Zabłocki
Luke A. J. O’Neill
Zbigniew Zasłona
author_facet Katarzyna Drzewicka
Katarzyna M. Głuchowska
Michal Mlącki
Bartłomiej Hofman
Irina Tuszyńska
Tristram A. J. Ryan
Katarzyna Piwowar
Bartosz Wilczyński
Dorota Dymkowska
Marcin M. Grzybowski
Barbara Dymek
Tomasz Rejczak
Kamil Lisiecki
Adam Gołębiowski
Adam Jagielski
Angelika Muchowicz
Dylan Ryan
Krzysztof Zabłocki
Luke A. J. O’Neill
Zbigniew Zasłona
author_sort Katarzyna Drzewicka
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundOATD-01 is a chitinase-1 (CHIT1) inhibitor, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in animal models where chronic inflammation leads to tissue remodeling. CHIT1, predominantly secreted by macrophages, is overexpressed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).Methods and resultsIn the study, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of OATD-01 in two murine models (STAM, DIAMOND) and one rat model (CDHFD) of MASH. RNA-Seq analysis of livers obtained from CDHFD rat model revealed that OATD-01 reversed MASH-dysregulated genes. In addition to reducing inflammation and fibrosis observed in the rat model, RNA-Seq demonstrated that OATD-01 regulated key metabolic processes such as acetyl-CoA metabolism, triglyceride metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol flux, and glycolysis. Using functional assay performed on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) we demonstrated that both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CHIT1 resulted in inhibition of glucose uptake. As a consequence, our data suggest decreased glycolysis, accompanied by increased ATP levels, lower citrate, and increased acetate levels, ultimately leading to a reduced IL-1β secretion in BMDMs.ConclusionsThese results revealed the key role for CHIT1 in regulating metabolism. OATD-01 is a macrophage modulator that can directly restore metabolic balance and consequently inhibit inflammation and fibrosis, supporting its use for MASH treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-51f3f8575d8d4df0a9d31f6b4f32d9202025-08-20T03:36:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-05-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15449731544973Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal modelsKatarzyna Drzewicka0Katarzyna M. Głuchowska1Michal Mlącki2Bartłomiej Hofman3Irina Tuszyńska4Tristram A. J. Ryan5Katarzyna Piwowar6Bartosz Wilczyński7Dorota Dymkowska8Marcin M. Grzybowski9Barbara Dymek10Tomasz Rejczak11Kamil Lisiecki12Adam Gołębiowski13Adam Jagielski14Angelika Muchowicz15Dylan Ryan16Krzysztof Zabłocki17Luke A. J. O’Neill18Zbigniew Zasłona19Molecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandDivision of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United StatesMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandLaboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Metabolic Regulation, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandThe Medical Research Council (MRC) Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomLaboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, PolandSchool of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandMolecure S.A., Warsaw, PolandBackgroundOATD-01 is a chitinase-1 (CHIT1) inhibitor, reducing inflammation and fibrosis in animal models where chronic inflammation leads to tissue remodeling. CHIT1, predominantly secreted by macrophages, is overexpressed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).Methods and resultsIn the study, we demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of OATD-01 in two murine models (STAM, DIAMOND) and one rat model (CDHFD) of MASH. RNA-Seq analysis of livers obtained from CDHFD rat model revealed that OATD-01 reversed MASH-dysregulated genes. In addition to reducing inflammation and fibrosis observed in the rat model, RNA-Seq demonstrated that OATD-01 regulated key metabolic processes such as acetyl-CoA metabolism, triglyceride metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol flux, and glycolysis. Using functional assay performed on bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) we demonstrated that both genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CHIT1 resulted in inhibition of glucose uptake. As a consequence, our data suggest decreased glycolysis, accompanied by increased ATP levels, lower citrate, and increased acetate levels, ultimately leading to a reduced IL-1β secretion in BMDMs.ConclusionsThese results revealed the key role for CHIT1 in regulating metabolism. OATD-01 is a macrophage modulator that can directly restore metabolic balance and consequently inhibit inflammation and fibrosis, supporting its use for MASH treatment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1544973/fullchitinase 1OATD-01MASHfibrosisinflammationmacrophage
spellingShingle Katarzyna Drzewicka
Katarzyna M. Głuchowska
Michal Mlącki
Bartłomiej Hofman
Irina Tuszyńska
Tristram A. J. Ryan
Katarzyna Piwowar
Bartosz Wilczyński
Dorota Dymkowska
Marcin M. Grzybowski
Barbara Dymek
Tomasz Rejczak
Kamil Lisiecki
Adam Gołębiowski
Adam Jagielski
Angelika Muchowicz
Dylan Ryan
Krzysztof Zabłocki
Luke A. J. O’Neill
Zbigniew Zasłona
Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
Frontiers in Immunology
chitinase 1
OATD-01
MASH
fibrosis
inflammation
macrophage
title Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
title_full Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
title_fullStr Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
title_full_unstemmed Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
title_short Chitinase-1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in MASH animal models
title_sort chitinase 1 inhibition attenuates metabolic dysregulation and restores homeostasis in mash animal models
topic chitinase 1
OATD-01
MASH
fibrosis
inflammation
macrophage
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1544973/full
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