Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

The utilization of zein and gum arabic has grown in an attempt to formulate wall materials based on protein–polysaccharide complexes. This mixture provides a versatile delivery system for hydrophilic (guava leaf extract, GLE) or lipophilic (fish oil, FO) bioactive compounds, and it can be used as an...

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Main Authors: Tomoyuki Yoshino, Atsushi Hashimoto, Hiroyuki Harada, Yukihiro Yamamoto, Aji Sukoco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2024-10-01
Series:F1000Research
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Online Access:https://f1000research.com/articles/13-816/v2
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author Tomoyuki Yoshino
Atsushi Hashimoto
Hiroyuki Harada
Yukihiro Yamamoto
Aji Sukoco
author_facet Tomoyuki Yoshino
Atsushi Hashimoto
Hiroyuki Harada
Yukihiro Yamamoto
Aji Sukoco
author_sort Tomoyuki Yoshino
collection DOAJ
description The utilization of zein and gum arabic has grown in an attempt to formulate wall materials based on protein–polysaccharide complexes. This mixture provides a versatile delivery system for hydrophilic (guava leaf extract, GLE) or lipophilic (fish oil, FO) bioactive compounds, and it can be used as an edible film-forming polymer. This study was undertaken to characterize FO-containing edible films that were double-layered with a film containing GLE. Modified zein and gum arabic solutions (MG complex) were mixed at a ratio of 1:1.5 (v/v), adjusted to pH 5, added with glycerol (20% of the complex) and FO (5% of the complex), and finally adjusted to pH 5. This was prepared as the bottom/lower layer. The upper/active layer was prepared by mixing MG complex, glycerol, and GLE (1, 3, and 5% w/v of the complex). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in GLE were 15.81 mg GAE/g extract and 6.99 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The IC50 of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of GLE was 26.86 ppm with antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of 9.83 and 12.55 mm. The total plate counts of double-layered films containing GLE were retained below 3 log CFU/g during 28-day storage. The peroxide values of these films were dimmed for no more than 9.08 meq/kg sample on day 28 of storage. Thickness (872.00-971.67 μm), water vapor transmission rate (12.99-17.04 g/m2/day), tensile strength (1.56-2.02 kPa), elongation at break (61.53-75.41%), glass transition (52.74-57.50°C), melting peak (131.59-142.35°C), inhibition against B. subtilis (33.67-40.58 mm), and inhibition against E. coli (2.05-9.04 mm) were obtained by double-layered films. GLE can be successfully incorporated into the active layer of a double-layer film to improve its characteristics while significantly slowing down the microbial contamination and oxidation rate. MG complex and FO can also contribute to the performance of the edible film.
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spelling doaj-art-51e5a2bd2da3429e928e64d271049f4c2025-08-20T02:12:54ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022024-10-011310.12688/f1000research.153383.2173681Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Tomoyuki Yoshino0Atsushi Hashimoto1Hiroyuki Harada2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-5193Yukihiro Yamamoto3Aji Sukoco4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8039-1096Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727 0023, JapanFaculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727 0023, JapanFaculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727 0023, JapanFaculty of Bioresource Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Nanatsuka-cho 5562, Shobara, Hiroshima, 727 0023, JapanStudy Program of Agricultural Product Technology, Universitas Jember, Jember, East Java, 68121, IndonesiaThe utilization of zein and gum arabic has grown in an attempt to formulate wall materials based on protein–polysaccharide complexes. This mixture provides a versatile delivery system for hydrophilic (guava leaf extract, GLE) or lipophilic (fish oil, FO) bioactive compounds, and it can be used as an edible film-forming polymer. This study was undertaken to characterize FO-containing edible films that were double-layered with a film containing GLE. Modified zein and gum arabic solutions (MG complex) were mixed at a ratio of 1:1.5 (v/v), adjusted to pH 5, added with glycerol (20% of the complex) and FO (5% of the complex), and finally adjusted to pH 5. This was prepared as the bottom/lower layer. The upper/active layer was prepared by mixing MG complex, glycerol, and GLE (1, 3, and 5% w/v of the complex). The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in GLE were 15.81 mg GAE/g extract and 6.99 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The IC50 of the DPPH radical scavenging activity of GLE was 26.86 ppm with antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli of 9.83 and 12.55 mm. The total plate counts of double-layered films containing GLE were retained below 3 log CFU/g during 28-day storage. The peroxide values of these films were dimmed for no more than 9.08 meq/kg sample on day 28 of storage. Thickness (872.00-971.67 μm), water vapor transmission rate (12.99-17.04 g/m2/day), tensile strength (1.56-2.02 kPa), elongation at break (61.53-75.41%), glass transition (52.74-57.50°C), melting peak (131.59-142.35°C), inhibition against B. subtilis (33.67-40.58 mm), and inhibition against E. coli (2.05-9.04 mm) were obtained by double-layered films. GLE can be successfully incorporated into the active layer of a double-layer film to improve its characteristics while significantly slowing down the microbial contamination and oxidation rate. MG complex and FO can also contribute to the performance of the edible film.https://f1000research.com/articles/13-816/v2Antibacterial antioxidant double-layer edible film fish oil guava leaf extracteng
spellingShingle Tomoyuki Yoshino
Atsushi Hashimoto
Hiroyuki Harada
Yukihiro Yamamoto
Aji Sukoco
Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
F1000Research
Antibacterial
antioxidant
double-layer
edible film
fish oil
guava leaf extract
eng
title Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
title_full Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
title_fullStr Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
title_full_unstemmed Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
title_short Fish oil-containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of Psidium guajava leaves: preparation and characterization of double-layered edible film [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
title_sort fish oil containing edible films with active film incorporated with extract of psidium guajava leaves preparation and characterization of double layered edible film version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations
topic Antibacterial
antioxidant
double-layer
edible film
fish oil
guava leaf extract
eng
url https://f1000research.com/articles/13-816/v2
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