Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats
Bats exhibit unique abilities to coexist with viruses asymptomatically, setting them apart among mammals. The innate immune system serves as the primary defense against pathogens. As a crucial central node protein in this system, TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1) can receive signals from multiple pattern...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1574866/full |
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| author | Qiuju Liu Qi Shao Caixia Xu Chao Liu Shuhan Li Jie Wang Xia Liu Kehui Zhang Yaxian Yan Jianhe Sun Yuqiang Cheng |
| author_facet | Qiuju Liu Qi Shao Caixia Xu Chao Liu Shuhan Li Jie Wang Xia Liu Kehui Zhang Yaxian Yan Jianhe Sun Yuqiang Cheng |
| author_sort | Qiuju Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bats exhibit unique abilities to coexist with viruses asymptomatically, setting them apart among mammals. The innate immune system serves as the primary defense against pathogens. As a crucial central node protein in this system, TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1) can receive signals from multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and then promote the production of Type I interferon (IFN I) and inflammatory factors. Despite its importance, how TBK1 works in bats remains poorly understood. Here, through bioinformatics analysis, TBK1 was found to exhibit a high sequence conservation across species. Overexpression of bat TBK1 significantly upregulated IFNβ expression, and then inhibited viral replication. Co-expression of bat TBK1 with bat IRF1/3/7 can facilitate the upregulation of IFNβ mediated by bat TBK1, implying the activation signals potentially can be transmitted from bat TBK1 to IRF1/3/7, and then promote IFNβ production. Structurally, protein kinase domain (PKD), ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), and coiled-coil domain 1 (CCD1) are essential domains for bat TBK1 to function normally. In summary, this study elucidated bat TBK1 has a conserved ability to activate bat antiviral innate immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-51ddb2e00e374e41a298efb39bbe005e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-51ddb2e00e374e41a298efb39bbe005e2025-08-20T03:08:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-07-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15748661574866Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in batsQiuju Liu0Qi Shao1Caixia Xu2Chao Liu3Shuhan Li4Jie Wang5Xia Liu6Kehui Zhang7Yaxian Yan8Jianhe Sun9Yuqiang Cheng10Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, ChinaBats exhibit unique abilities to coexist with viruses asymptomatically, setting them apart among mammals. The innate immune system serves as the primary defense against pathogens. As a crucial central node protein in this system, TANK binding kinase 1(TBK1) can receive signals from multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and then promote the production of Type I interferon (IFN I) and inflammatory factors. Despite its importance, how TBK1 works in bats remains poorly understood. Here, through bioinformatics analysis, TBK1 was found to exhibit a high sequence conservation across species. Overexpression of bat TBK1 significantly upregulated IFNβ expression, and then inhibited viral replication. Co-expression of bat TBK1 with bat IRF1/3/7 can facilitate the upregulation of IFNβ mediated by bat TBK1, implying the activation signals potentially can be transmitted from bat TBK1 to IRF1/3/7, and then promote IFNβ production. Structurally, protein kinase domain (PKD), ubiquitin-like domain (ULD), and coiled-coil domain 1 (CCD1) are essential domains for bat TBK1 to function normally. In summary, this study elucidated bat TBK1 has a conserved ability to activate bat antiviral innate immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1574866/fullBATTBK1virusinnate immunityIFNβ |
| spellingShingle | Qiuju Liu Qi Shao Caixia Xu Chao Liu Shuhan Li Jie Wang Xia Liu Kehui Zhang Yaxian Yan Jianhe Sun Yuqiang Cheng Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats Frontiers in Immunology BAT TBK1 virus innate immunity IFNβ |
| title | Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| title_full | Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| title_fullStr | Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| title_short | Conserved function of bat TBK1 in activating innate immunity against RNA viruses: insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| title_sort | conserved function of bat tbk1 in activating innate immunity against rna viruses insights into the innate immune response in bats |
| topic | BAT TBK1 virus innate immunity IFNβ |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1574866/full |
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