In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation
The strategic construction of heterojunctions through a simple and efficient strategy is one of the most effective means to boost the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials. Herein, a thiazole-linked covalent organic framework (TZ-COF) with large surface area, well-ordered pore structure...
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2025-08-01
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| author | Zhifang Jia Tingxia Wang Zhaoxia Wu Shumaila Razzaque Zhixiang Zhao Jiaxuan Cai Wenao Xie Junli Wang Qiang Zhao Kewei Wang |
| author_facet | Zhifang Jia Tingxia Wang Zhaoxia Wu Shumaila Razzaque Zhixiang Zhao Jiaxuan Cai Wenao Xie Junli Wang Qiang Zhao Kewei Wang |
| author_sort | Zhifang Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The strategic construction of heterojunctions through a simple and efficient strategy is one of the most effective means to boost the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials. Herein, a thiazole-linked covalent organic framework (TZ-COF) with large surface area, well-ordered pore structure, and high stability was developed. To further boost photocatalytic activity, the TZ-COF was synthesized in situ on the surface of Cu<sub>2</sub>O through a simple multicomponent reaction, yielding an encapsulated composite material (Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18). In this composite, the outermost COF endows the material with abundant redox active sites and mass transfer channels, while the innermost Cu<sub>2</sub>O exhibits unique photoelectric properties. Notably, the synthesized Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 was proven to have the heterojunction structure, which can efficiently restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline demonstrated that 3-Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 had the highest photocatalytic efficiency, with the removal rate of 96.3% within 70 min under visible light, which is better than that of pristine TZ-COF-18, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, the physical mixture of Cu<sub>2</sub>O and TZ-COF-18, and numerous reported COF-based composite materials. 3-Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 retained its original crystallinity and removal efficiency after five cycles in photodegradation reaction, displaying high stability and excellent cycle performance. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-51d931c8b0814a31b0bf22bb2f3a1f092025-08-20T04:00:49ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-08-013015323310.3390/molecules30153233In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline DegradationZhifang Jia0Tingxia Wang1Zhaoxia Wu2Shumaila Razzaque3Zhixiang Zhao4Jiaxuan Cai5Wenao Xie6Junli Wang7Qiang Zhao8Kewei Wang9Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka Street 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, ChinaThe strategic construction of heterojunctions through a simple and efficient strategy is one of the most effective means to boost the photocatalytic activity of semiconductor materials. Herein, a thiazole-linked covalent organic framework (TZ-COF) with large surface area, well-ordered pore structure, and high stability was developed. To further boost photocatalytic activity, the TZ-COF was synthesized in situ on the surface of Cu<sub>2</sub>O through a simple multicomponent reaction, yielding an encapsulated composite material (Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18). In this composite, the outermost COF endows the material with abundant redox active sites and mass transfer channels, while the innermost Cu<sub>2</sub>O exhibits unique photoelectric properties. Notably, the synthesized Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 was proven to have the heterojunction structure, which can efficiently restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline demonstrated that 3-Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 had the highest photocatalytic efficiency, with the removal rate of 96.3% within 70 min under visible light, which is better than that of pristine TZ-COF-18, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, the physical mixture of Cu<sub>2</sub>O and TZ-COF-18, and numerous reported COF-based composite materials. 3-Cu<sub>2</sub>O@TZ-COF-18 retained its original crystallinity and removal efficiency after five cycles in photodegradation reaction, displaying high stability and excellent cycle performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3233thiazole-linked covalent organic frameworksCu<sub>2</sub>Oheterojunctionphotocatalytic degradation |
| spellingShingle | Zhifang Jia Tingxia Wang Zhaoxia Wu Shumaila Razzaque Zhixiang Zhao Jiaxuan Cai Wenao Xie Junli Wang Qiang Zhao Kewei Wang In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation Molecules thiazole-linked covalent organic frameworks Cu<sub>2</sub>O heterojunction photocatalytic degradation |
| title | In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation |
| title_full | In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation |
| title_fullStr | In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation |
| title_short | In Situ Construction of Thiazole-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks on Cu<sub>2</sub>O for High-Efficiency Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation |
| title_sort | in situ construction of thiazole linked covalent organic frameworks on cu sub 2 sub o for high efficiency photocatalytic tetracycline degradation |
| topic | thiazole-linked covalent organic frameworks Cu<sub>2</sub>O heterojunction photocatalytic degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/15/3233 |
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