Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease

BackgroundThe most common nasal cavity disease (ND) in dogs is the malignant nasal cavity tumor. Prognosis and survival after radiation therapy are reported to correlate with tumor size, and therefore indirectly with the time to diagnosis. Diagnosis of a nasal tumor requires imaging procedures under...

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Main Authors: Sarah Rösch, Annkathrin Estaller, Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering, Stephan Neumann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1553551/full
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author Sarah Rösch
Annkathrin Estaller
Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering
Stephan Neumann
author_facet Sarah Rösch
Annkathrin Estaller
Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering
Stephan Neumann
author_sort Sarah Rösch
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe most common nasal cavity disease (ND) in dogs is the malignant nasal cavity tumor. Prognosis and survival after radiation therapy are reported to correlate with tumor size, and therefore indirectly with the time to diagnosis. Diagnosis of a nasal tumor requires imaging procedures under anesthesia. Thus, diagnostic serum markers are urgently needed for early detection and for therapeutic monitoring.Materials and methodsThis prospective, blinded study included dogs with nasal discharge that completed a comprehensive diagnostic workup for ND. Dogs were evaluated by blood testing and whole-body CT and those with concomitant diseases or with steroid pre-treatment were excluded. Serum survivin, Ki-67, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) concentrations were determined, and the survivin-lymphocyte ratio (SLR) calculated. Results were compared between groups of dogs with different NDs and to ten healthy controls.ResultsA total of 55 dogs were included, consisting of 25 with malignant ND (12 sarcomas, 13 carcinomas) and 30 with benign ND (7 benign tumors, 13 dogs with idiopathic rhinitis (IR), 10 others including dogs with dental diseases and sinonasal aspergillosis). Survivin and SLR were significantly increased in dogs with malignant ND and in subgroup comparison in sarcomas compared to controls. In addition, the SLR was significantly increased in carcinomas and IR compared to controls. In dogs with IR, no differences were observed in survivin concentrations or SLR based on microbiological or histopathological findings. Survivin concentrations or SLR in dogs with nasal tumors were not significantly different between T-categories. No significant differences were detected in TK1 concentrations among the groups, nor in Ki-67, except for significantly lower Ki-67 concentrations in benign tumors compared to carcinomas and the group others including, e.g., dental diseases.ConclusionAlthough not diagnostic for ND, increased survivin serum concentrations or SLR can be detected in dogs with malignant nasal tumors and IR. In malignant nasal tumors, survivin and SLR did not correlate with tumor size and therefore may be useful in the detection of even small nasal tumors. Therefore, in dogs with nasal tumors and IR, survivin and SLR could serve as a target for disease monitoring or as therapeutic target.
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spelling doaj-art-51d7a51300fd45c6b430b191aaa6c7d52025-08-20T01:54:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-04-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15535511553551Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity diseaseSarah Rösch0Annkathrin Estaller1Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering2Stephan Neumann3Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Small Animal Department, Leipzig University, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, GermanyEar, Nose and Throat Unit, Small Animal Department, Leipzig University, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Small Animals, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, GermanyBackgroundThe most common nasal cavity disease (ND) in dogs is the malignant nasal cavity tumor. Prognosis and survival after radiation therapy are reported to correlate with tumor size, and therefore indirectly with the time to diagnosis. Diagnosis of a nasal tumor requires imaging procedures under anesthesia. Thus, diagnostic serum markers are urgently needed for early detection and for therapeutic monitoring.Materials and methodsThis prospective, blinded study included dogs with nasal discharge that completed a comprehensive diagnostic workup for ND. Dogs were evaluated by blood testing and whole-body CT and those with concomitant diseases or with steroid pre-treatment were excluded. Serum survivin, Ki-67, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) concentrations were determined, and the survivin-lymphocyte ratio (SLR) calculated. Results were compared between groups of dogs with different NDs and to ten healthy controls.ResultsA total of 55 dogs were included, consisting of 25 with malignant ND (12 sarcomas, 13 carcinomas) and 30 with benign ND (7 benign tumors, 13 dogs with idiopathic rhinitis (IR), 10 others including dogs with dental diseases and sinonasal aspergillosis). Survivin and SLR were significantly increased in dogs with malignant ND and in subgroup comparison in sarcomas compared to controls. In addition, the SLR was significantly increased in carcinomas and IR compared to controls. In dogs with IR, no differences were observed in survivin concentrations or SLR based on microbiological or histopathological findings. Survivin concentrations or SLR in dogs with nasal tumors were not significantly different between T-categories. No significant differences were detected in TK1 concentrations among the groups, nor in Ki-67, except for significantly lower Ki-67 concentrations in benign tumors compared to carcinomas and the group others including, e.g., dental diseases.ConclusionAlthough not diagnostic for ND, increased survivin serum concentrations or SLR can be detected in dogs with malignant nasal tumors and IR. In malignant nasal tumors, survivin and SLR did not correlate with tumor size and therefore may be useful in the detection of even small nasal tumors. Therefore, in dogs with nasal tumors and IR, survivin and SLR could serve as a target for disease monitoring or as therapeutic target.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1553551/fullnasal neoplasiacarcinomasarcomalymphoplasmacytic rhinitisblood markernasal discharge dog
spellingShingle Sarah Rösch
Annkathrin Estaller
Gerhard Ulrich Oechtering
Stephan Neumann
Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
nasal neoplasia
carcinoma
sarcoma
lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
blood marker
nasal discharge dog
title Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
title_full Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
title_fullStr Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
title_full_unstemmed Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
title_short Diagnostic value of serum survivin, Ki-67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
title_sort diagnostic value of serum survivin ki 67 and thymidine kinase in dogs with nasal cavity disease
topic nasal neoplasia
carcinoma
sarcoma
lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
blood marker
nasal discharge dog
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1553551/full
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AT gerhardulrichoechtering diagnosticvalueofserumsurvivinki67andthymidinekinaseindogswithnasalcavitydisease
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