Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model
IntroductionWhile the improved ergonomics, depth of field, and freedom of movement offered by Exoscopes compared to Operative Microscopes are well established, their value in surgical education and training is often mentioned but remains poorly documented.MethodsIn this study, we used a using a slig...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1573333/full |
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| author | T. Calloni T. Calloni G. Carone M. Cavaliere M. Cavaliere C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis M. Bussa L. Antolini F. Nicolosi G. G. Carrabba G. G. Carrabba M. M. Fontanella M. Cenzato F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. Acerbi F. Acerbi F. Acerbi C. G. Giussani C. G. Giussani |
| author_facet | T. Calloni T. Calloni G. Carone M. Cavaliere M. Cavaliere C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis M. Bussa L. Antolini F. Nicolosi G. G. Carrabba G. G. Carrabba M. M. Fontanella M. Cenzato F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. Acerbi F. Acerbi F. Acerbi C. G. Giussani C. G. Giussani |
| author_sort | T. Calloni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionWhile the improved ergonomics, depth of field, and freedom of movement offered by Exoscopes compared to Operative Microscopes are well established, their value in surgical education and training is often mentioned but remains poorly documented.MethodsIn this study, we used a using a slightly modified version of the NOMAT score to compare the microvascular anastomoses on an artificial model made using traditional Operative Microscopes and the Orbeye 4K 3D Exoscope. Each participant performed the task 3 times.ResultsThe results showed that microscope users initially scored higher in several aspects, likely due to greater prior familiarity with the device. However, by the third repetition, the differences were no longer significant, demonstrating that the Exoscope is not inferior to the traditional Microscope in laboratory training. Moreover, the Exoscope group exhibited a faster learning curve for specific skills, highlighting its potential for early adoption by young surgeons.DiscussionThese findings emphasize the educational promise of Exoscopes, particularly in facilitating a smooth transition from traditional microscopes. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and extended training periods are needed to validate these conclusions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-51a264a4d6f44ce49c2e95221fb26ac2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-875X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Surgery |
| spelling | doaj-art-51a264a4d6f44ce49c2e95221fb26ac22025-08-20T03:59:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Surgery2296-875X2025-08-011210.3389/fsurg.2025.15733331573333Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial modelT. Calloni0T. Calloni1G. Carone2M. Cavaliere3M. Cavaliere4C. de Laurentis5C. de Laurentis6C. de Laurentis7M. Bussa8L. Antolini9F. Nicolosi10G. G. Carrabba11G. G. Carrabba12M. M. Fontanella13M. Cenzato14F. DiMeco15F. DiMeco16F. DiMeco17F. Acerbi18F. Acerbi19F. Acerbi20C. G. Giussani21C. G. Giussani22Department of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, ASST Fatebenefratelli—Sacco, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, FranceFaculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, FranceSchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brecia, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Great Metropolitan Hospital Niguarda, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, ItalyDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy0Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Foundation, Milan, Italy1Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy2Neurosurgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, ItalySchool of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano- Bicocca, Milan, ItalyIntroductionWhile the improved ergonomics, depth of field, and freedom of movement offered by Exoscopes compared to Operative Microscopes are well established, their value in surgical education and training is often mentioned but remains poorly documented.MethodsIn this study, we used a using a slightly modified version of the NOMAT score to compare the microvascular anastomoses on an artificial model made using traditional Operative Microscopes and the Orbeye 4K 3D Exoscope. Each participant performed the task 3 times.ResultsThe results showed that microscope users initially scored higher in several aspects, likely due to greater prior familiarity with the device. However, by the third repetition, the differences were no longer significant, demonstrating that the Exoscope is not inferior to the traditional Microscope in laboratory training. Moreover, the Exoscope group exhibited a faster learning curve for specific skills, highlighting its potential for early adoption by young surgeons.DiscussionThese findings emphasize the educational promise of Exoscopes, particularly in facilitating a smooth transition from traditional microscopes. However, further studies with larger sample sizes and extended training periods are needed to validate these conclusions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1573333/fullmicroanastomosesmicrovascular trainingeducationresidentslearning curve3D exoscope |
| spellingShingle | T. Calloni T. Calloni G. Carone M. Cavaliere M. Cavaliere C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis C. de Laurentis M. Bussa L. Antolini F. Nicolosi G. G. Carrabba G. G. Carrabba M. M. Fontanella M. Cenzato F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. DiMeco F. Acerbi F. Acerbi F. Acerbi C. G. Giussani C. G. Giussani Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model Frontiers in Surgery microanastomoses microvascular training education residents learning curve 3D exoscope |
| title | Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| title_full | Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| title_short | Comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| title_sort | comparison of operative microscope and exoscope for execution of microanastomoses on an artificial model |
| topic | microanastomoses microvascular training education residents learning curve 3D exoscope |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1573333/full |
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