An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers
The continuous-wave free-electron laser (CW-FEL), based on superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology with an electron bunch repetition rate of up to MHz levels, is one of the most advanced light sources, providing exceptionally high average and peak-brightness FEL pulses. Among the new CW-FEL...
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| Language: | English |
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International Union of Crystallography
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Synchrotron Radiation |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S160057752500311X |
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| author | Xinmeng Li Jitao Sun Yong Yu Jiahang Shao Jiayue Yang Quan Zhou Hongli Ding Lei Shi Kai Tao Chenglin Guo Zhigang He Zhichao Chen Zhen Chen Shaohua Peng Hongfei Wang Guoqing Zhang Baichao Zhang Zongbin Li Feng Zhao Wei Wei Maomao Huang Wei Wang Ming Liu Chaofeng He Liangbing Hu Yaqiong Wang Han Li Weiming Yue Xilong Wang Guorong Wu Dongxu Dai Weiqing Zhang Xueming Yang |
| author_facet | Xinmeng Li Jitao Sun Yong Yu Jiahang Shao Jiayue Yang Quan Zhou Hongli Ding Lei Shi Kai Tao Chenglin Guo Zhigang He Zhichao Chen Zhen Chen Shaohua Peng Hongfei Wang Guoqing Zhang Baichao Zhang Zongbin Li Feng Zhao Wei Wei Maomao Huang Wei Wang Ming Liu Chaofeng He Liangbing Hu Yaqiong Wang Han Li Weiming Yue Xilong Wang Guorong Wu Dongxu Dai Weiqing Zhang Xueming Yang |
| author_sort | Xinmeng Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The continuous-wave free-electron laser (CW-FEL), based on superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology with an electron bunch repetition rate of up to MHz levels, is one of the most advanced light sources, providing exceptionally high average and peak-brightness FEL pulses. Among the new CW-FEL facilities worldwide, the recently proposed Dalian Advanced Light Source (DALS) occupies a unique position as an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) facility primarily designed for chemical physics research. Since the beam emittance requirement for DALS is not as stringent as that for X-ray CW-FEL facilities, a direct current (DC) gun is considered as the primary electron source, with a very high frequency (VHF) gun also planned. To demonstrate key technologies and characterize the electron beam performance, a superconducting CW injector testbed, named the Electron Source Test Facility (ESTF), has been designed and is currently under construction. The testbed is uniquely designed to accommodate both guns with minimal switching effort, where the rest of the beamline layout remains unchanged except for the swapped guns. The two-gun switching scheme for the testbed is shown to be a feasible and cost-effective approach. Furthermore, the injector performance with both guns has been evaluated through a start-to-end simulation based on the DALS configuration, including the production of electron beam in the ESTF injector, the following beam acceleration and compression in a superconducting linear accelerator, and finally the beam lasing performance in the undulator section. The evaluation confirms that the DC gun is a promising electron source for CW-FEL facilities, especially for EUV applications, even though all currently constructed CW facilities have employed the VHF gun. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the injector design and the corresponding performance evaluation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-519ee19c0d304d288194b15ea72fe806 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1600-5775 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | International Union of Crystallography |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Synchrotron Radiation |
| spelling | doaj-art-519ee19c0d304d288194b15ea72fe8062025-08-20T03:28:04ZengInternational Union of CrystallographyJournal of Synchrotron Radiation1600-57752025-07-0132483884810.1107/S160057752500311Xzhu5006An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasersXinmeng Li0Jitao Sun1Yong Yu2Jiahang Shao3Jiayue Yang4Quan Zhou5Hongli Ding6Lei Shi7Kai Tao8Chenglin Guo9Zhigang He10Zhichao Chen11Zhen Chen12Shaohua Peng13Hongfei Wang14Guoqing Zhang15Baichao Zhang16Zongbin Li17Feng Zhao18Wei Wei19Maomao Huang20Wei Wang21Ming Liu22Chaofeng He23Liangbing Hu24Yaqiong Wang25Han Li26Weiming Yue27Xilong Wang28Guorong Wu29Dongxu Dai30Weiqing Zhang31Xueming Yang32University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaDalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of ChinaThe continuous-wave free-electron laser (CW-FEL), based on superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) technology with an electron bunch repetition rate of up to MHz levels, is one of the most advanced light sources, providing exceptionally high average and peak-brightness FEL pulses. Among the new CW-FEL facilities worldwide, the recently proposed Dalian Advanced Light Source (DALS) occupies a unique position as an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) facility primarily designed for chemical physics research. Since the beam emittance requirement for DALS is not as stringent as that for X-ray CW-FEL facilities, a direct current (DC) gun is considered as the primary electron source, with a very high frequency (VHF) gun also planned. To demonstrate key technologies and characterize the electron beam performance, a superconducting CW injector testbed, named the Electron Source Test Facility (ESTF), has been designed and is currently under construction. The testbed is uniquely designed to accommodate both guns with minimal switching effort, where the rest of the beamline layout remains unchanged except for the swapped guns. The two-gun switching scheme for the testbed is shown to be a feasible and cost-effective approach. Furthermore, the injector performance with both guns has been evaluated through a start-to-end simulation based on the DALS configuration, including the production of electron beam in the ESTF injector, the following beam acceleration and compression in a superconducting linear accelerator, and finally the beam lasing performance in the undulator section. The evaluation confirms that the DC gun is a promising electron source for CW-FEL facilities, especially for EUV applications, even though all currently constructed CW facilities have employed the VHF gun. This paper provides a comprehensive description of the injector design and the corresponding performance evaluation.https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S160057752500311Xsuperconducting radiofrequencyfree-electron laserelectron injectordirect current gunvery high frequency gun |
| spellingShingle | Xinmeng Li Jitao Sun Yong Yu Jiahang Shao Jiayue Yang Quan Zhou Hongli Ding Lei Shi Kai Tao Chenglin Guo Zhigang He Zhichao Chen Zhen Chen Shaohua Peng Hongfei Wang Guoqing Zhang Baichao Zhang Zongbin Li Feng Zhao Wei Wei Maomao Huang Wei Wang Ming Liu Chaofeng He Liangbing Hu Yaqiong Wang Han Li Weiming Yue Xilong Wang Guorong Wu Dongxu Dai Weiqing Zhang Xueming Yang An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers Journal of Synchrotron Radiation superconducting radiofrequency free-electron laser electron injector direct current gun very high frequency gun |
| title | An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers |
| title_full | An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers |
| title_fullStr | An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers |
| title_full_unstemmed | An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers |
| title_short | An injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous-wave free-electron lasers |
| title_sort | injector testbed based on a direct current gun and an interchangeable very high frequency gun for superconducting continuous wave free electron lasers |
| topic | superconducting radiofrequency free-electron laser electron injector direct current gun very high frequency gun |
| url | https://journals.iucr.org/paper?S160057752500311X |
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