Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific type of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients, currently has no effective therapies. The TLR4 signaling pathway, activated through MyD88 and NF-κB, plays a critical role in DCM by triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting pyropt...

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Main Authors: Xuan Zhou, Shaoliang Xing, Lina Zhang, Jungu Lu, Deming Li, Yating Wang, Yuhang Ma, Weiqin Chang, Manman Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1631973/full
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author Xuan Zhou
Shaoliang Xing
Lina Zhang
Jungu Lu
Deming Li
Yating Wang
Yuhang Ma
Weiqin Chang
Manman Su
author_facet Xuan Zhou
Shaoliang Xing
Lina Zhang
Jungu Lu
Deming Li
Yating Wang
Yuhang Ma
Weiqin Chang
Manman Su
author_sort Xuan Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific type of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients, currently has no effective therapies. The TLR4 signaling pathway, activated through MyD88 and NF-κB, plays a critical role in DCM by triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasomes. Additionally, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway drives myocardial fibrosis, further compromising cardiac function. Recently, amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their ease of access, low immunogenicity, and ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. In this study, a DCM mouse model was treated with AMSCs via tail vein injection every 2 weeks for four doses. Evaluations included glucose tolerance tests, echocardiography, serum analysis, and histopathological and molecular assessments. Results showed AMSCs improved pancreatic function, reduced blood glucose, and enhanced insulin secretion. Cardiac function and morphology improved, with reduced inflammation. Molecularly, AMSCs inhibited pyroptosis via TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway suppression and reduced fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad modulation. These findings indicate AMSCs alleviate DCM cardiac dysfunction and pyroptosis, primarily by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. The study underscores AMSCs as a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM, warranting further clinical exploration.
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spelling doaj-art-518ffcaada4c4991bc44d0db086fd1ad2025-08-20T03:28:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-07-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16319731631973Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathwayXuan Zhou0Shaoliang Xing1Lina Zhang2Jungu Lu3Deming Li4Yating Wang5Yuhang Ma6Weiqin Chang7Manman Su8Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaNMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Cell and Gene Therapy Medicine Products Northeast Normal University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaThe Second Clinical Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific type of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients, currently has no effective therapies. The TLR4 signaling pathway, activated through MyD88 and NF-κB, plays a critical role in DCM by triggering the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting pyroptosis through NLRP3 inflammasomes. Additionally, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway drives myocardial fibrosis, further compromising cardiac function. Recently, amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option due to their ease of access, low immunogenicity, and ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. In this study, a DCM mouse model was treated with AMSCs via tail vein injection every 2 weeks for four doses. Evaluations included glucose tolerance tests, echocardiography, serum analysis, and histopathological and molecular assessments. Results showed AMSCs improved pancreatic function, reduced blood glucose, and enhanced insulin secretion. Cardiac function and morphology improved, with reduced inflammation. Molecularly, AMSCs inhibited pyroptosis via TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway suppression and reduced fibrosis through TGF-β/Smad modulation. These findings indicate AMSCs alleviate DCM cardiac dysfunction and pyroptosis, primarily by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. The study underscores AMSCs as a promising therapeutic strategy for DCM, warranting further clinical exploration.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1631973/fulldiabetic cardiomyopathytype 2 diabetes mellitusamniotic mesenchymal stem cellsfibrosispyroptosis
spellingShingle Xuan Zhou
Shaoliang Xing
Lina Zhang
Jungu Lu
Deming Li
Yating Wang
Yuhang Ma
Weiqin Chang
Manman Su
Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
diabetic cardiomyopathy
type 2 diabetes mellitus
amniotic mesenchymal stem cells
fibrosis
pyroptosis
title Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
title_full Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
title_fullStr Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
title_full_unstemmed Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
title_short Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the TLR4/NF-κb/NLRP3 pathway
title_sort amniotic mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting pyroptosis via modulation of the tlr4 nf κb nlrp3 pathway
topic diabetic cardiomyopathy
type 2 diabetes mellitus
amniotic mesenchymal stem cells
fibrosis
pyroptosis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1631973/full
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