Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae
Abstract The Oleaceae family, encompassing key genera such as Fraxinus (ash trees), Olea (olives), Jasminum (jasmine), Syringa (lilac), and Forsythia, plays a crucial ecological and economic role. Despite their importance, the evolutionary dynamics and immune system adaptations of their NLR (Nucleot...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06233-2 |
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| author | Saba Parvez Maryam Asif Alizay Ahmad Iqra Javaid Muhammad Zaman Rasheed Romana Iftikhar Nada H. Aljarba Rabia Zafar Aqsa sarwar Rao Sohail Ahmed Khan Saad Serfraz |
| author_facet | Saba Parvez Maryam Asif Alizay Ahmad Iqra Javaid Muhammad Zaman Rasheed Romana Iftikhar Nada H. Aljarba Rabia Zafar Aqsa sarwar Rao Sohail Ahmed Khan Saad Serfraz |
| author_sort | Saba Parvez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The Oleaceae family, encompassing key genera such as Fraxinus (ash trees), Olea (olives), Jasminum (jasmine), Syringa (lilac), and Forsythia, plays a crucial ecological and economic role. Despite their importance, the evolutionary dynamics and immune system adaptations of their NLR (Nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeats) gene family remain largely unexplored. This study employs high-throughput comparative genomics to investigate NLR gene evolution across the Oleaceae family. The genus Fraxinus is widely distributed across both the New and Old Worlds, with 23 distinct species analyzed in this study. Our results reveal a predominant strategy of gene conservation in the evolution of the NLR gene family across these species. Geographical adaptation has played a significant role, particularly in Old World ash tree species, which exhibit dynamic patterns of gene expansion and contraction within the last 50 million years. Notably, genes acquired from an ancient whole genome duplication event (~ 35 Mya) have been retained across Fraxinus lineages. In contrast, the genus Olea (olives) has undergone extensive gene expansion driven by recent duplications and significant birth of novel NLR gene families. These differences in NLR gene evolution likely enhance Olea's ability to recognize diverse pathogens through recent expansions, while Fraxinus maintains specialized immune responses through conserved genes, with potential trade-offs in pathogen adaptation and energy efficiency. In terms of NLR distribution, all species of the Oleaceae family show an enhanced pseudogenization of TIR-NLRs and expansion in CCG10-NLR. However, the comparative RNA-seq expression analysis in olive suggests that partial NLR genes, despite their incomplete structure, have significant expression and may play important roles in plant immune responses. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of NLR gene evolution within the Oleaceae family, offering insights into the adaptive mechanisms of immune response evolution across diverse genera. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5181db3778ec43acbbf5f185a91f14ee |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-5181db3778ec43acbbf5f185a91f14ee2025-08-20T02:01:35ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-02-0125111610.1186/s12870-025-06233-2Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceaeSaba Parvez0Maryam Asif1Alizay Ahmad2Iqra Javaid3Muhammad Zaman Rasheed4Romana Iftikhar5Nada H. Aljarba6Rabia Zafar7Aqsa sarwar8Rao Sohail Ahmed Khan9Saad Serfraz10Evolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureEvolutionary Biology Lab, CABB, University of AgricultureAbstract The Oleaceae family, encompassing key genera such as Fraxinus (ash trees), Olea (olives), Jasminum (jasmine), Syringa (lilac), and Forsythia, plays a crucial ecological and economic role. Despite their importance, the evolutionary dynamics and immune system adaptations of their NLR (Nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeats) gene family remain largely unexplored. This study employs high-throughput comparative genomics to investigate NLR gene evolution across the Oleaceae family. The genus Fraxinus is widely distributed across both the New and Old Worlds, with 23 distinct species analyzed in this study. Our results reveal a predominant strategy of gene conservation in the evolution of the NLR gene family across these species. Geographical adaptation has played a significant role, particularly in Old World ash tree species, which exhibit dynamic patterns of gene expansion and contraction within the last 50 million years. Notably, genes acquired from an ancient whole genome duplication event (~ 35 Mya) have been retained across Fraxinus lineages. In contrast, the genus Olea (olives) has undergone extensive gene expansion driven by recent duplications and significant birth of novel NLR gene families. These differences in NLR gene evolution likely enhance Olea's ability to recognize diverse pathogens through recent expansions, while Fraxinus maintains specialized immune responses through conserved genes, with potential trade-offs in pathogen adaptation and energy efficiency. In terms of NLR distribution, all species of the Oleaceae family show an enhanced pseudogenization of TIR-NLRs and expansion in CCG10-NLR. However, the comparative RNA-seq expression analysis in olive suggests that partial NLR genes, despite their incomplete structure, have significant expression and may play important roles in plant immune responses. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of NLR gene evolution within the Oleaceae family, offering insights into the adaptive mechanisms of immune response evolution across diverse genera.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06233-2NLR gene evolutionWGDsOliveFraxinusConservation |
| spellingShingle | Saba Parvez Maryam Asif Alizay Ahmad Iqra Javaid Muhammad Zaman Rasheed Romana Iftikhar Nada H. Aljarba Rabia Zafar Aqsa sarwar Rao Sohail Ahmed Khan Saad Serfraz Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae BMC Plant Biology NLR gene evolution WGDs Olive Fraxinus Conservation |
| title | Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae |
| title_full | Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae |
| title_fullStr | Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae |
| title_short | Tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into NLR genes in oleaceae |
| title_sort | tracing the path from conservation to expansion evolutionary insights into nlr genes in oleaceae |
| topic | NLR gene evolution WGDs Olive Fraxinus Conservation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06233-2 |
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