Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials
Oxidative stress and inflammation are critical factors in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, is enriched with bioactive compounds during fermentation. This study evaluated the antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory a...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Pitchaporn Wanyo Tossaporn Chamsai Nitchara Toontom Le Ke Nghiep Kukiat Tudpor |
| author_facet | Pitchaporn Wanyo Tossaporn Chamsai Nitchara Toontom Le Ke Nghiep Kukiat Tudpor |
| author_sort | Pitchaporn Wanyo |
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| description | Oxidative stress and inflammation are critical factors in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, is enriched with bioactive compounds during fermentation. This study evaluated the antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of kombucha made from mulberry leaf green tea (MLGT) and black tea (MLBT) during in vitro digestion. The bioaccessibility of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), phenolics, and flavonoids was assessed through simulated oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. MLGT kombucha exhibited higher initial antioxidant activity, while MLBT showed greater compound stability and ACE inhibitory activity during digestion. Notably, α-glucosidase inhibition declined significantly in the intestinal phase, in parallel with reduced DNJ and flavonoid content. Strong correlations were observed between specific phenolic acids and bioactivity profiles, highlighting <i>ρ</i>-coumaric and sinapic acids in ACE inhibition and DNJ in antiglycemic activity. These findings demonstrate the functional potential of mulberry leaf kombucha as a beverage to support metabolic health, pending confirmation through in vivo studies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-516b0aadb7ca4ed2ab794e775034cd67 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj-art-516b0aadb7ca4ed2ab794e775034cd672025-08-20T01:56:24ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372025-05-0111525810.3390/fermentation11050258Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive PotentialsPitchaporn Wanyo0Tossaporn Chamsai1Nitchara Toontom2Le Ke Nghiep3Kukiat Tudpor4Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, ThailandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Surin Campus, Surin 32000, ThailandPublic Health and Environmental Policy in Southeast Asia Research Cluster (PHEP-SEA), Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, ThailandVinh Long Department of Health, Vĩnh Long 85000, VietnamPublic Health and Environmental Policy in Southeast Asia Research Cluster (PHEP-SEA), Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, ThailandOxidative stress and inflammation are critical factors in hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Kombucha, a fermented tea beverage, is enriched with bioactive compounds during fermentation. This study evaluated the antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of kombucha made from mulberry leaf green tea (MLGT) and black tea (MLBT) during in vitro digestion. The bioaccessibility of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), phenolics, and flavonoids was assessed through simulated oral, gastric, and intestinal phases. MLGT kombucha exhibited higher initial antioxidant activity, while MLBT showed greater compound stability and ACE inhibitory activity during digestion. Notably, α-glucosidase inhibition declined significantly in the intestinal phase, in parallel with reduced DNJ and flavonoid content. Strong correlations were observed between specific phenolic acids and bioactivity profiles, highlighting <i>ρ</i>-coumaric and sinapic acids in ACE inhibition and DNJ in antiglycemic activity. These findings demonstrate the functional potential of mulberry leaf kombucha as a beverage to support metabolic health, pending confirmation through in vivo studies.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/5/258mulberry leaf teafunctional beveragekombuchaantihypertensive activityantidiabetic activitybioaccessibility |
| spellingShingle | Pitchaporn Wanyo Tossaporn Chamsai Nitchara Toontom Le Ke Nghiep Kukiat Tudpor Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials Fermentation mulberry leaf tea functional beverage kombucha antihypertensive activity antidiabetic activity bioaccessibility |
| title | Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials |
| title_full | Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials |
| title_short | Evaluation of In Vitro Digested Mulberry Leaf Tea Kombucha: A Functional Fermented Beverage with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antihyperglycemic, and Antihypertensive Potentials |
| title_sort | evaluation of in vitro digested mulberry leaf tea kombucha a functional fermented beverage with antioxidant anti inflammatory antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive potentials |
| topic | mulberry leaf tea functional beverage kombucha antihypertensive activity antidiabetic activity bioaccessibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/5/258 |
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