Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss worldwide. Early detection is critical to prevent disease progression and avoid irreversible tissue damage. Saliva, a non-invasive, easily accessible biological flui...

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Main Authors: Mariacristina Amato, Alessandro Polizzi, Andrea Blasi, Cristina Grippaudo, Gaetano Isola
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6642
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author Mariacristina Amato
Alessandro Polizzi
Andrea Blasi
Cristina Grippaudo
Gaetano Isola
author_facet Mariacristina Amato
Alessandro Polizzi
Andrea Blasi
Cristina Grippaudo
Gaetano Isola
author_sort Mariacristina Amato
collection DOAJ
description Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss worldwide. Early detection is critical to prevent disease progression and avoid irreversible tissue damage. Saliva, a non-invasive, easily accessible biological fluid, has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for the early detection of various diseases, including periodontitis. This narrative review explores the potential of untargeted salivary metabolomics and proteomics in identifying biomarkers for the early diagnosis of periodontitis. Unlike traditional targeted approaches, untargeted analyses allow for the comprehensive exploration of a wide range of metabolites and proteins, without predefined hypotheses. This approach provides a deeper understanding of the disease’s biochemical landscape and can reveal novel biomarkers associated with the inflammatory processes of periodontitis. Besides making an early diagnosis, detecting specific biomarkers of periodontitis may enable the clinician to make an extremely personalized treatment plan. The review highlights key findings in the field, discusses the challenges and limitations of these techniques, and presents future perspectives on how salivary metabolomics and proteomics could revolutionize early diagnostic strategies in periodontal management.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-515fbbf6882c48e39f37c5ef10f5da442025-08-20T03:27:11ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512664210.3390/app15126642Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of PeriodontitisMariacristina Amato0Alessandro Polizzi1Andrea Blasi2Cristina Grippaudo3Gaetano Isola4Unit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyUnit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Oral Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, ItalyHead and Neck Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyUnit of Periodontology, Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth and is a major cause of tooth loss worldwide. Early detection is critical to prevent disease progression and avoid irreversible tissue damage. Saliva, a non-invasive, easily accessible biological fluid, has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for the early detection of various diseases, including periodontitis. This narrative review explores the potential of untargeted salivary metabolomics and proteomics in identifying biomarkers for the early diagnosis of periodontitis. Unlike traditional targeted approaches, untargeted analyses allow for the comprehensive exploration of a wide range of metabolites and proteins, without predefined hypotheses. This approach provides a deeper understanding of the disease’s biochemical landscape and can reveal novel biomarkers associated with the inflammatory processes of periodontitis. Besides making an early diagnosis, detecting specific biomarkers of periodontitis may enable the clinician to make an extremely personalized treatment plan. The review highlights key findings in the field, discusses the challenges and limitations of these techniques, and presents future perspectives on how salivary metabolomics and proteomics could revolutionize early diagnostic strategies in periodontal management.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6642technologiesmetabolomicsproteomicssaliva biomarkersperiodontitisearly detection
spellingShingle Mariacristina Amato
Alessandro Polizzi
Andrea Blasi
Cristina Grippaudo
Gaetano Isola
Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
Applied Sciences
technologies
metabolomics
proteomics
saliva biomarkers
periodontitis
early detection
title Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
title_full Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
title_fullStr Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
title_short Untargeted Salivary Metabolomics and Proteomics: Paving the Way for Early Detection of Periodontitis
title_sort untargeted salivary metabolomics and proteomics paving the way for early detection of periodontitis
topic technologies
metabolomics
proteomics
saliva biomarkers
periodontitis
early detection
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6642
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AT andreablasi untargetedsalivarymetabolomicsandproteomicspavingthewayforearlydetectionofperiodontitis
AT cristinagrippaudo untargetedsalivarymetabolomicsandproteomicspavingthewayforearlydetectionofperiodontitis
AT gaetanoisola untargetedsalivarymetabolomicsandproteomicspavingthewayforearlydetectionofperiodontitis