Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study

Objective: This study aimed to develop an observational tool to assess the social interactive behaviors of children with special education needs during animal-assisted activity and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: The study comprised two phases: developing and evaluating the measure...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liuzhi Hong, Xingyu Shen, Terence King-Heng Hui, Ronda Ka-Wai Luk, Hung-Kwan So, Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-08-01
Series:SAGE Open Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121251363015
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849227290242711552
author Liuzhi Hong
Xingyu Shen
Terence King-Heng Hui
Ronda Ka-Wai Luk
Hung-Kwan So
Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
author_facet Liuzhi Hong
Xingyu Shen
Terence King-Heng Hui
Ronda Ka-Wai Luk
Hung-Kwan So
Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
author_sort Liuzhi Hong
collection DOAJ
description Objective: This study aimed to develop an observational tool to assess the social interactive behaviors of children with special education needs during animal-assisted activity and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: The study comprised two phases: developing and evaluating the measurement tool. The tool was created through literature reviews and expert interviews. The pilot observational study was conducted in a special educational school in Hong Kong, China, involving 138 children with intellectual disability participating in animal-assisted activity sessions to examine the tool’s reliability and validity. Results Initially, the measurement tool included 26 observational variables across three dimensions (inter-rater reliability of 0.74). After excluding variables with low discriminability, the final tool contained seven observational variables. The tool demonstrated strong reliability (inter-rater reliability of 0.81) and satisfactory validity, significantly discriminating among different intellectually disabled students ( p s < 0.05). Conclusions: This study developed and validated an observational tool for measuring the social behaviors of children with special education need during animal-assisted activity sessions. More extensive studies are needed to further evaluate the instrument.
format Article
id doaj-art-514ccd222dda41f8ba9fcbc873c8e6d0
institution Kabale University
issn 2050-3121
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher SAGE Publishing
record_format Article
series SAGE Open Medicine
spelling doaj-art-514ccd222dda41f8ba9fcbc873c8e6d02025-08-23T15:04:45ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open Medicine2050-31212025-08-011310.1177/20503121251363015Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot studyLiuzhi Hong0Xingyu Shen1Terence King-Heng Hui2Ronda Ka-Wai Luk3Hung-Kwan So4Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong5Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, ChinaSchool of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CanadaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, ChinaObjective: This study aimed to develop an observational tool to assess the social interactive behaviors of children with special education needs during animal-assisted activity and to examine its reliability and validity. Methods: The study comprised two phases: developing and evaluating the measurement tool. The tool was created through literature reviews and expert interviews. The pilot observational study was conducted in a special educational school in Hong Kong, China, involving 138 children with intellectual disability participating in animal-assisted activity sessions to examine the tool’s reliability and validity. Results Initially, the measurement tool included 26 observational variables across three dimensions (inter-rater reliability of 0.74). After excluding variables with low discriminability, the final tool contained seven observational variables. The tool demonstrated strong reliability (inter-rater reliability of 0.81) and satisfactory validity, significantly discriminating among different intellectually disabled students ( p s < 0.05). Conclusions: This study developed and validated an observational tool for measuring the social behaviors of children with special education need during animal-assisted activity sessions. More extensive studies are needed to further evaluate the instrument.https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121251363015
spellingShingle Liuzhi Hong
Xingyu Shen
Terence King-Heng Hui
Ronda Ka-Wai Luk
Hung-Kwan So
Wilfred Hing-Sang Wong
Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
SAGE Open Medicine
title Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
title_full Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
title_fullStr Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
title_full_unstemmed Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
title_short Developing a measurement tool for assessing animal-assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs’ socialization: A pilot study
title_sort developing a measurement tool for assessing animal assisted activity effectiveness on children with special educational needs socialization a pilot study
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121251363015
work_keys_str_mv AT liuzhihong developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy
AT xingyushen developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy
AT terencekinghenghui developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy
AT rondakawailuk developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy
AT hungkwanso developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy
AT wilfredhingsangwong developingameasurementtoolforassessinganimalassistedactivityeffectivenessonchildrenwithspecialeducationalneedssocializationapilotstudy