Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development
In this paper, we propose noncontact heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate (RR) detection methods using a smartphone camera. HR frequency is detected through filtering after obtaining a remote PPG (rPPG) signal and its power spectral density (PSD) is detected using color di...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8509 |
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| author | Tae Wuk Bae Young Choon Kim In Ho Sohng Kee Koo Kwon |
| author_facet | Tae Wuk Bae Young Choon Kim In Ho Sohng Kee Koo Kwon |
| author_sort | Tae Wuk Bae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose noncontact heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate (RR) detection methods using a smartphone camera. HR frequency is detected through filtering after obtaining a remote PPG (rPPG) signal and its power spectral density (PSD) is detected using color difference signal amplification and the plane-orthogonal-to-the-skin method. Additionally, the SpO2 is detected using the HR frequency and the absorption ratio of the G and B color channels based on oxyhemoglobin absorption and reflectance theory. After this, the respiratory frequency is detected using the PSD of rPPG through respiratory frequency band filtering. For the image sequences recorded under various imaging conditions, the proposed method demonstrated superior HR detection accuracy compared to existing methods. The confidence intervals for HR and SpO2 detection were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Furthermore, the proposed RR detection method was also verified to be reliable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-51498b463a1a48ecb7f6896e59658cff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-51498b463a1a48ecb7f6896e59658cff2025-08-20T03:36:02ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515850910.3390/app15158509Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App DevelopmentTae Wuk Bae0Young Choon Kim1In Ho Sohng2Kee Koo Kwon3Daegu-Gyeongbuk Research Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daegu 42994, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Security, U1 University, Asan 31415, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Security, U1 University, Asan 31415, Republic of KoreaDaegu-Gyeongbuk Research Center, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daegu 42994, Republic of KoreaIn this paper, we propose noncontact heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate (RR) detection methods using a smartphone camera. HR frequency is detected through filtering after obtaining a remote PPG (rPPG) signal and its power spectral density (PSD) is detected using color difference signal amplification and the plane-orthogonal-to-the-skin method. Additionally, the SpO2 is detected using the HR frequency and the absorption ratio of the G and B color channels based on oxyhemoglobin absorption and reflectance theory. After this, the respiratory frequency is detected using the PSD of rPPG through respiratory frequency band filtering. For the image sequences recorded under various imaging conditions, the proposed method demonstrated superior HR detection accuracy compared to existing methods. The confidence intervals for HR and SpO2 detection were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Furthermore, the proposed RR detection method was also verified to be reliable.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8509cameradigital imagingheart raterespiratory rateoxygen saturationremote PPG |
| spellingShingle | Tae Wuk Bae Young Choon Kim In Ho Sohng Kee Koo Kwon Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development Applied Sciences camera digital imaging heart rate respiratory rate oxygen saturation remote PPG |
| title | Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development |
| title_full | Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development |
| title_fullStr | Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development |
| title_short | Camera-Based Vital Sign Estimation Techniques and Mobile App Development |
| title_sort | camera based vital sign estimation techniques and mobile app development |
| topic | camera digital imaging heart rate respiratory rate oxygen saturation remote PPG |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8509 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT taewukbae camerabasedvitalsignestimationtechniquesandmobileappdevelopment AT youngchoonkim camerabasedvitalsignestimationtechniquesandmobileappdevelopment AT inhosohng camerabasedvitalsignestimationtechniquesandmobileappdevelopment AT keekookwon camerabasedvitalsignestimationtechniquesandmobileappdevelopment |