Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices

Next-generation medical devices include implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wearables, exemplified by devices such as pacemakers for heart regulation and deep brain stimulators for neurological disorders, which have significantly advanced healthcare by offering critical treatments and improving p...

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Main Authors: Ye Liang, Chi Zhang, Rubing Lin, Junqing Lin, Jishizhan Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Materials Today Bio
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425006258
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author Ye Liang
Chi Zhang
Rubing Lin
Junqing Lin
Jishizhan Chen
author_facet Ye Liang
Chi Zhang
Rubing Lin
Junqing Lin
Jishizhan Chen
author_sort Ye Liang
collection DOAJ
description Next-generation medical devices include implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wearables, exemplified by devices such as pacemakers for heart regulation and deep brain stimulators for neurological disorders, which have significantly advanced healthcare by offering critical treatments and improving patient outcomes. However, conventional battery technologies for these devices remain prevalent, and their constraints on longevity, size, and necessity for periodic replacement or recharging pose significant challenges, especially in implantable scenarios, presenting concerns regarding patient safety, healthcare costs, and device reliability. To address these issues, this review investigates alternative energy sources that tap into the intrinsic energy of the human body and delves into a range of promising energy harvesting techniques, including electromagnetic energy harvesting, ultrasound wireless power transfer (US-WPT), energy generation from tissue motion and heartbeats, utilization of body thermal gradients through thermoelectric generators (TEGs), and glucose oxidation within biofuel cells. Each technique is evaluated for its potential to provide a sustainable power source for IMDs and wearables, highlighting distinctive advantages such as dual functionality, enhanced penetration capabilities, access to inexhaustible energy reservoirs from bodily movements, and the biochemical conversion of glucose into electrical energy. Despite their promise, this review also discusses the remaining challenges, future directions, and exciting opportunities associated with these cutting-edge energy harvesting methods, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary research to overcome current hurdles and unlock new possibilities for self-sustained medical and wearable devices. This review uniquely evaluates energy harvesting techniques through the lens of 'functionally cooperating systems'—emphasizing how synergistic integration of smart materials, adaptive algorithms, and physiological interfaces can overcome fundamental trade-offs between biocompatibility, power density, and clinical viability.
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spelling doaj-art-51301df94c2a44db96bd97d196465efc2025-08-20T03:31:30ZengElsevierMaterials Today Bio2590-00642025-08-013310205510.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102055Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devicesYe Liang0Chi Zhang1Rubing Lin2Junqing Lin3Jishizhan Chen4Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of ChinaHainan Medical University, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou City, 571199, Hainan Province, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, ChinaDepartment of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China; Corresponding author.UCL Mechanical Engineering, Torrington Place, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK; Corresponding author.Next-generation medical devices include implantable medical devices (IMDs) and wearables, exemplified by devices such as pacemakers for heart regulation and deep brain stimulators for neurological disorders, which have significantly advanced healthcare by offering critical treatments and improving patient outcomes. However, conventional battery technologies for these devices remain prevalent, and their constraints on longevity, size, and necessity for periodic replacement or recharging pose significant challenges, especially in implantable scenarios, presenting concerns regarding patient safety, healthcare costs, and device reliability. To address these issues, this review investigates alternative energy sources that tap into the intrinsic energy of the human body and delves into a range of promising energy harvesting techniques, including electromagnetic energy harvesting, ultrasound wireless power transfer (US-WPT), energy generation from tissue motion and heartbeats, utilization of body thermal gradients through thermoelectric generators (TEGs), and glucose oxidation within biofuel cells. Each technique is evaluated for its potential to provide a sustainable power source for IMDs and wearables, highlighting distinctive advantages such as dual functionality, enhanced penetration capabilities, access to inexhaustible energy reservoirs from bodily movements, and the biochemical conversion of glucose into electrical energy. Despite their promise, this review also discusses the remaining challenges, future directions, and exciting opportunities associated with these cutting-edge energy harvesting methods, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary research to overcome current hurdles and unlock new possibilities for self-sustained medical and wearable devices. This review uniquely evaluates energy harvesting techniques through the lens of 'functionally cooperating systems'—emphasizing how synergistic integration of smart materials, adaptive algorithms, and physiological interfaces can overcome fundamental trade-offs between biocompatibility, power density, and clinical viability.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425006258
spellingShingle Ye Liang
Chi Zhang
Rubing Lin
Junqing Lin
Jishizhan Chen
Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
Materials Today Bio
title Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
title_full Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
title_fullStr Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
title_short Sustainable power solutions for next-generation medical devices
title_sort sustainable power solutions for next generation medical devices
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425006258
work_keys_str_mv AT yeliang sustainablepowersolutionsfornextgenerationmedicaldevices
AT chizhang sustainablepowersolutionsfornextgenerationmedicaldevices
AT rubinglin sustainablepowersolutionsfornextgenerationmedicaldevices
AT junqinglin sustainablepowersolutionsfornextgenerationmedicaldevices
AT jishizhanchen sustainablepowersolutionsfornextgenerationmedicaldevices