BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer

This study addresses the challenges in short-term electrical bus load forecasting. We propose a novel BLformer framework based on an enhanced Patch-TSTransformer. The framework quantifies the importance of temporal features across three load types and filters key input dimensions to reduce redundant...

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Main Authors: Hui Liu, Qian Chen, Di Zhang, Haiyun Wang, Xinchen Zhao, Zaichi Zhang, Lei Fu, Wei Wang, Sizhuang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Energy Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1622991/full
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author Hui Liu
Qian Chen
Di Zhang
Haiyun Wang
Xinchen Zhao
Zaichi Zhang
Lei Fu
Wei Wang
Sizhuang Chen
author_facet Hui Liu
Qian Chen
Di Zhang
Haiyun Wang
Xinchen Zhao
Zaichi Zhang
Lei Fu
Wei Wang
Sizhuang Chen
author_sort Hui Liu
collection DOAJ
description This study addresses the challenges in short-term electrical bus load forecasting. We propose a novel BLformer framework based on an enhanced Patch-TSTransformer. The framework quantifies the importance of temporal features across three load types and filters key input dimensions to reduce redundant information interference. A sparse attention mechanism is designed to dynamically allocate computational resources, balancing efficiency and robustness. Innovatively, we integrate DCNN into the Patch-TST module, combining the advantages of local feature extraction and global temporal modeling to enhance the learning capability of time-frequency coupling characteristics. Furthermore, a coupled prediction strategy is developed to explore high-accuracy bus load forecasting models that incorporate multiple heterogeneous loads. Experiments demonstrate that BLformer significantly outperforms baseline models in terms of RMSE and MAPE metrics. Notably, the indirect prediction strategy substantially reduces errors compared to direct prediction, validating its effective learning ability for multi-load characteristics.
format Article
id doaj-art-5115602dda3d43dbba576462cfe6723d
institution OA Journals
issn 2296-598X
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Energy Research
spelling doaj-art-5115602dda3d43dbba576462cfe6723d2025-08-20T02:02:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Energy Research2296-598X2025-06-011310.3389/fenrg.2025.16229911622991BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformerHui Liu0Qian Chen1Di Zhang2Haiyun Wang3Xinchen Zhao4Zaichi Zhang5Lei Fu6Wei Wang7Sizhuang Chen8State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing, ChinaState Grid Beijing Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing, ChinaBeijing Tsingsoft Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaThis study addresses the challenges in short-term electrical bus load forecasting. We propose a novel BLformer framework based on an enhanced Patch-TSTransformer. The framework quantifies the importance of temporal features across three load types and filters key input dimensions to reduce redundant information interference. A sparse attention mechanism is designed to dynamically allocate computational resources, balancing efficiency and robustness. Innovatively, we integrate DCNN into the Patch-TST module, combining the advantages of local feature extraction and global temporal modeling to enhance the learning capability of time-frequency coupling characteristics. Furthermore, a coupled prediction strategy is developed to explore high-accuracy bus load forecasting models that incorporate multiple heterogeneous loads. Experiments demonstrate that BLformer significantly outperforms baseline models in terms of RMSE and MAPE metrics. Notably, the indirect prediction strategy substantially reduces errors compared to direct prediction, validating its effective learning ability for multi-load characteristics.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1622991/fullelectrical bus load forecastingPatch-Tstransformersparse attentionDCNN fusionmulti-source load coupling
spellingShingle Hui Liu
Qian Chen
Di Zhang
Haiyun Wang
Xinchen Zhao
Zaichi Zhang
Lei Fu
Wei Wang
Sizhuang Chen
BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
Frontiers in Energy Research
electrical bus load forecasting
Patch-Tstransformer
sparse attention
DCNN fusion
multi-source load coupling
title BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
title_full BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
title_fullStr BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
title_full_unstemmed BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
title_short BLformer: a short-term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced Patch-TSTransformer
title_sort blformer a short term electrical bus load forecasting method based on enhanced patch tstransformer
topic electrical bus load forecasting
Patch-Tstransformer
sparse attention
DCNN fusion
multi-source load coupling
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2025.1622991/full
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