Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample
We present spatially resolved measurements of the ionized gas masses and mass outflow rates for six low-redshift ( z ≤ 0.02) active galaxies. In this study, we expand our sample to galaxies with more complex gas kinematics modeled as outflows along a galactic disk that is ionized by the active galac...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc131 |
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| author | Mitchell Revalski D. Michael Crenshaw Garrett E. Polack Marc Rafelski Steven B. Kraemer Travis C. Fischer Beena Meena Henrique R. Schmitt Anna Trindade Falcão Julia Falcone Maura Kathleen Shea |
| author_facet | Mitchell Revalski D. Michael Crenshaw Garrett E. Polack Marc Rafelski Steven B. Kraemer Travis C. Fischer Beena Meena Henrique R. Schmitt Anna Trindade Falcão Julia Falcone Maura Kathleen Shea |
| author_sort | Mitchell Revalski |
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| description | We present spatially resolved measurements of the ionized gas masses and mass outflow rates for six low-redshift ( z ≤ 0.02) active galaxies. In this study, we expand our sample to galaxies with more complex gas kinematics modeled as outflows along a galactic disk that is ionized by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) bicone. We use Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy, Wide Field Camera 3 narrow-band imaging, and the photoionization modeling technique that we developed in M. Revalski et al. (Paper IV in this series) to calculate ionized gas masses using the [O iii ]/H β ratios at each radius. We combine these with existing kinematic models to derive mass and energy outflow rates, which exhibit substantial radial variations due to changes in the outflow velocities. The full sample of 12 galaxies from this series of studies spans 10 ^3 in bolometric luminosity, and we find that the outflows contain ionized gas masses of M ≈ 10 ^4.6 –10 ^7.2 M _⊙ , reach maximum mass outflow rates of ${\dot{M}}_{out}\approx 0.1-13$ M _⊙ yr ^−1 , and encompass kinetic energies of E ≈ 10 ^52 –10 ^56 erg. These energetic properties positively correlate with AGN luminosity. The outflow energetics are less than benchmarks for effective feedback from theoretical models, but the evacuation of gas and injection of energy may still generate long-term effects on star formation in these nearby galaxies. These results highlight the necessity of high spatial resolution imaging and spectroscopy for accurately modeling ionized outflows in active galaxies. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-510ec2e2eccb49f89ca0850a306ec0692025-08-20T02:24:57ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198413210.3847/1538-4357/adc131Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded SampleMitchell Revalski0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-7873D. Michael Crenshaw1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-3639Garrett E. Polack2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-2150Marc Rafelski3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-4731Steven B. Kraemer4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-8977Travis C. Fischer5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-8875Beena Meena6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8658-2723Henrique R. Schmitt7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-3246Anna Trindade Falcão8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8112-3464Julia Falcone9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7238-7062Maura Kathleen Shea10https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3001-9989Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; mrevalski@stsci.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ; mrevalski@stsci.edu; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USAInstitute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America , Washington, DC 20064, USAAURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USANaval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC 20375, USAHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University , 25 Park Place, Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USAWe present spatially resolved measurements of the ionized gas masses and mass outflow rates for six low-redshift ( z ≤ 0.02) active galaxies. In this study, we expand our sample to galaxies with more complex gas kinematics modeled as outflows along a galactic disk that is ionized by the active galactic nucleus (AGN) bicone. We use Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectroscopy, Wide Field Camera 3 narrow-band imaging, and the photoionization modeling technique that we developed in M. Revalski et al. (Paper IV in this series) to calculate ionized gas masses using the [O iii ]/H β ratios at each radius. We combine these with existing kinematic models to derive mass and energy outflow rates, which exhibit substantial radial variations due to changes in the outflow velocities. The full sample of 12 galaxies from this series of studies spans 10 ^3 in bolometric luminosity, and we find that the outflows contain ionized gas masses of M ≈ 10 ^4.6 –10 ^7.2 M _⊙ , reach maximum mass outflow rates of ${\dot{M}}_{out}\approx 0.1-13$ M _⊙ yr ^−1 , and encompass kinetic energies of E ≈ 10 ^52 –10 ^56 erg. These energetic properties positively correlate with AGN luminosity. The outflow energetics are less than benchmarks for effective feedback from theoretical models, but the evacuation of gas and injection of energy may still generate long-term effects on star formation in these nearby galaxies. These results highlight the necessity of high spatial resolution imaging and spectroscopy for accurately modeling ionized outflows in active galaxies.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc131Active galaxiesActive galactic nucleiAGN host galaxiesEmission line galaxiesSeyfert galaxiesSupermassive black holes |
| spellingShingle | Mitchell Revalski D. Michael Crenshaw Garrett E. Polack Marc Rafelski Steven B. Kraemer Travis C. Fischer Beena Meena Henrique R. Schmitt Anna Trindade Falcão Julia Falcone Maura Kathleen Shea Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample The Astrophysical Journal Active galaxies Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Emission line galaxies Seyfert galaxies Supermassive black holes |
| title | Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample |
| title_full | Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample |
| title_short | Quantifying Feedback from Narrow Line Region Outflows in Nearby Active Galaxies. V. The Expanded Sample |
| title_sort | quantifying feedback from narrow line region outflows in nearby active galaxies v the expanded sample |
| topic | Active galaxies Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Emission line galaxies Seyfert galaxies Supermassive black holes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc131 |
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