Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most common infections in Intensive Care Units (ICU). It is frequently caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (including carbapenems) and is an important health issue. It may result in severe clinical consequences, with higher healthcare utilization and...

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Main Authors: Jessica Matuoka, Daniela Vianna Pachito, Filipe Piastrelli, Lorena Cristina Correa Fehlberg, Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000467
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author Jessica Matuoka
Daniela Vianna Pachito
Filipe Piastrelli
Lorena Cristina Correa Fehlberg
Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior
author_facet Jessica Matuoka
Daniela Vianna Pachito
Filipe Piastrelli
Lorena Cristina Correa Fehlberg
Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior
author_sort Jessica Matuoka
collection DOAJ
description Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most common infections in Intensive Care Units (ICU). It is frequently caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (including carbapenems) and is an important health issue. It may result in severe clinical consequences, with higher healthcare utilization and high economic burden. Timely and appropriate treatment is key to obtaining better outcomes and allocational efficiency. Currently, the treatment options for carbapenem-resistant pathogen infections are limited, usually based on polymyxin, aminoglycosides, or combination therapy, as well as novel antibiotic therapies including Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI). CAZ-AVI has shown activity against gram-negative pathogens and is currently used for the treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). To better inform healthcare professionals and help promote a rational use of antibiotic therapy, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of CAZ-AVI versus polymyxin B in ICU patients with VAP from the Brazilian National Supplementary Health Agency perspective over a 5-year time horizon. CAZ-AVI had higher total costs and resulted in more Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gained when compared with polymyxin B. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of BRL 40,000.00/QALY gained, CAZ-AVI was the cost-effective strategy (ICER: BRL 35,298.65/QALY gained). Nephrotoxicity in patients treated with polymyxin B, hospitalization utility, and treatment duration were the variables that most influenced the results. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, CAZ-AVI was cost-effective in 55 %–89 % of the interactions. The evidence suggests that CAZ-AVI results in lower mortality and nephrotoxicity rates, which might have contributed to more QALYs gained and a favorable ICER, despite the higher costs. This study was registered on the Open Science Framework database (Protocol https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SP2EJ).
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spelling doaj-art-510b8fff73a044cbbf63b2536bd64e5b2025-08-20T03:15:20ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases1413-86702025-07-0129410454510.1016/j.bjid.2025.104545Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumoniaJessica Matuoka0Daniela Vianna Pachito1Filipe Piastrelli2Lorena Cristina Correa Fehlberg3Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior4Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, BrazilPfizer Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Corresponding author.Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, BrazilPfizer Brasil, São Paulo, SP, BrazilHospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, BrazilVentilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most common infections in Intensive Care Units (ICU). It is frequently caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (including carbapenems) and is an important health issue. It may result in severe clinical consequences, with higher healthcare utilization and high economic burden. Timely and appropriate treatment is key to obtaining better outcomes and allocational efficiency. Currently, the treatment options for carbapenem-resistant pathogen infections are limited, usually based on polymyxin, aminoglycosides, or combination therapy, as well as novel antibiotic therapies including Ceftazidime/Avibactam (CAZ-AVI). CAZ-AVI has shown activity against gram-negative pathogens and is currently used for the treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). To better inform healthcare professionals and help promote a rational use of antibiotic therapy, a cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to compare the cost-effectiveness of CAZ-AVI versus polymyxin B in ICU patients with VAP from the Brazilian National Supplementary Health Agency perspective over a 5-year time horizon. CAZ-AVI had higher total costs and resulted in more Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gained when compared with polymyxin B. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of BRL 40,000.00/QALY gained, CAZ-AVI was the cost-effective strategy (ICER: BRL 35,298.65/QALY gained). Nephrotoxicity in patients treated with polymyxin B, hospitalization utility, and treatment duration were the variables that most influenced the results. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, CAZ-AVI was cost-effective in 55 %–89 % of the interactions. The evidence suggests that CAZ-AVI results in lower mortality and nephrotoxicity rates, which might have contributed to more QALYs gained and a favorable ICER, despite the higher costs. This study was registered on the Open Science Framework database (Protocol https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SP2EJ).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000467Pneumonia, Ventilator-associatedCeftazidime-avibactamPolymyxin BCost-effectiveness analysisCritical careCarbapenem-resistant
spellingShingle Jessica Matuoka
Daniela Vianna Pachito
Filipe Piastrelli
Lorena Cristina Correa Fehlberg
Haliton Alves de Oliveira Junior
Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Pneumonia, Ventilator-associated
Ceftazidime-avibactam
Polymyxin B
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Critical care
Carbapenem-resistant
title Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
title_full Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
title_fullStr Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
title_full_unstemmed Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
title_short Economic evaluation of ceftazidime-avibactam vs. polymyxin B for treatment of hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia
title_sort economic evaluation of ceftazidime avibactam vs polymyxin b for treatment of hospital acquired and ventilator associated bacterial pneumonia
topic Pneumonia, Ventilator-associated
Ceftazidime-avibactam
Polymyxin B
Cost-effectiveness analysis
Critical care
Carbapenem-resistant
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1413867025000467
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