Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties

Diabetes can lead to various health complications but can be managed with medication, diet, lifestyle changes, and certain medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. Octhochloa compressa, a plant native to arid regions with a history of medicinal use, is being comprehensively examined for the fi...

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Main Authors: Jawaria Aslam, Mirza Imran Shahzad, Hanan Y. Aati, Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan, Maria Aslam, Athar Jamal, Umar Farooq, Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1541482/full
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author Jawaria Aslam
Jawaria Aslam
Mirza Imran Shahzad
Hanan Y. Aati
Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
Maria Aslam
Athar Jamal
Umar Farooq
Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
author_facet Jawaria Aslam
Jawaria Aslam
Mirza Imran Shahzad
Hanan Y. Aati
Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
Maria Aslam
Athar Jamal
Umar Farooq
Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
author_sort Jawaria Aslam
collection DOAJ
description Diabetes can lead to various health complications but can be managed with medication, diet, lifestyle changes, and certain medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. Octhochloa compressa, a plant native to arid regions with a history of medicinal use, is being comprehensively examined for the first time using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches to evaluate its efficacy in combating diabetes. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays were performed using aqueous, methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane extracts. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) and methanol (MetOH) extracts showed the strongest inhibition with IC50 values of 190.6 ± 1.19 μg/mL and 281.0 ± 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo, the anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, MetOH, and EtAc extracts was assessed at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body weight in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rabbits (blood glucose >250 mg/dL). A 30-day study revealed that EtAc extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced glucose levels from 328.38 ± 0.86 mg/dL to 121.61 ± 1.28 mg/dL (P < 0.001), along with notable improvements in serum bilirubin, lipid profile, creatinine, ALT, and AST levels compared to the negative control. Histopathological analysis showed no toxic effects on liver, kidney, or adrenal tissues. HPLC analysis of the potent EtAc extract identified bioactive compounds, and in silico docking revealed that tannins, gallic acid, coumarin, oxindole, and xanthone formed stable complexes with α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37), with docking scores of −7.91, −6.59, −6.34, −6.33, and −6.07 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that O. compressa contains active compounds with significant anti-diabetic properties and minimal toxicity, making it a promising candidate for diabetes management and its complications. Future research should isolate and characterize key bioactive compounds and validate their mechanisms, safety, and clinical efficacy to advance O. compressa as a potential antidiabetic therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-5100a37c5d6345f9ad6dcef1c02f6a9c2025-08-20T01:55:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-05-011610.3389/fphar.2025.15414821541482Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological propertiesJawaria Aslam0Jawaria Aslam1Mirza Imran Shahzad2Hanan Y. Aati3Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan4Maria Aslam5Athar Jamal6Umar Farooq7Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo8Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepertment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Information Technology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Computer Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, PakistanDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United StatesDiabetes can lead to various health complications but can be managed with medication, diet, lifestyle changes, and certain medicinal plants with antidiabetic properties. Octhochloa compressa, a plant native to arid regions with a history of medicinal use, is being comprehensively examined for the first time using in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches to evaluate its efficacy in combating diabetes. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition assays were performed using aqueous, methanol, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and dichloromethane extracts. The ethyl acetate (EtAc) and methanol (MetOH) extracts showed the strongest inhibition with IC50 values of 190.6 ± 1.19 μg/mL and 281.0 ± 0.98 μg/mL, respectively. In vivo, the anti-diabetic activity of aqueous, MetOH, and EtAc extracts was assessed at 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg body weight in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rabbits (blood glucose >250 mg/dL). A 30-day study revealed that EtAc extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced glucose levels from 328.38 ± 0.86 mg/dL to 121.61 ± 1.28 mg/dL (P < 0.001), along with notable improvements in serum bilirubin, lipid profile, creatinine, ALT, and AST levels compared to the negative control. Histopathological analysis showed no toxic effects on liver, kidney, or adrenal tissues. HPLC analysis of the potent EtAc extract identified bioactive compounds, and in silico docking revealed that tannins, gallic acid, coumarin, oxindole, and xanthone formed stable complexes with α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 3W37), with docking scores of −7.91, −6.59, −6.34, −6.33, and −6.07 kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that O. compressa contains active compounds with significant anti-diabetic properties and minimal toxicity, making it a promising candidate for diabetes management and its complications. Future research should isolate and characterize key bioactive compounds and validate their mechanisms, safety, and clinical efficacy to advance O. compressa as a potential antidiabetic therapy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1541482/fullin vitro anti-diabeticin silico anti-diabeticin vivo anti-diabeticOcthochloa compressaalloxan
spellingShingle Jawaria Aslam
Jawaria Aslam
Mirza Imran Shahzad
Hanan Y. Aati
Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
Maria Aslam
Athar Jamal
Umar Farooq
Bilal Ahmad Ghalloo
Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
Frontiers in Pharmacology
in vitro anti-diabetic
in silico anti-diabetic
in vivo anti-diabetic
Octhochloa compressa
alloxan
title Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
title_full Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
title_fullStr Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
title_short Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Octhochloa compressa: a comprehensive study on chemical profiling, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
title_sort exploring the antidiabetic potential of octhochloa compressa a comprehensive study on chemical profiling in vitro in vivo and in silico pharmacological properties
topic in vitro anti-diabetic
in silico anti-diabetic
in vivo anti-diabetic
Octhochloa compressa
alloxan
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1541482/full
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