A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness

Abstract Leisure-time physical activity has changed over the past few decades. Participation in diverse sports programs by children and adolescents is more conducive to increasing physical activity levels and promoting individual health. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation betwe...

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Main Authors: Deqiang Zhao, Xiaoxiao Chen, Aoyu Zhang, Yibei Wang, Yibo Gao, Jin He, Lupei Jiang, Yanfeng Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15697-z
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author Deqiang Zhao
Xiaoxiao Chen
Aoyu Zhang
Yibei Wang
Yibo Gao
Jin He
Lupei Jiang
Yanfeng Zhang
author_facet Deqiang Zhao
Xiaoxiao Chen
Aoyu Zhang
Yibei Wang
Yibo Gao
Jin He
Lupei Jiang
Yanfeng Zhang
author_sort Deqiang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Leisure-time physical activity has changed over the past few decades. Participation in diverse sports programs by children and adolescents is more conducive to increasing physical activity levels and promoting individual health. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between adherence to participation in diversity of sports programs and physical fitness among children and adolescents, in addition to analyzing individual attitudinal, family, and school dimensional factors that influence children’s and adolescents’ participation in diversity of sports programs. This study included cross-sectional data from 3309 child adolescents. Next, physical fitness indicators were also included. The study used Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA were used to explore the correlation between diversity and physical fitness in participating sports and the differences in physical fitness between different sports groups. In addition, the linear regression method was used to analyze the impact of diversity on physical fitness. Finally, ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diversity in participating sports programs.Significant correlations were observed between diversity of participation in sports programs and various physical fitness indicators across all age groups, including muscular strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility (p < 0.01). Additionally, physical fitness levels significantly differed among groups with different numbers of sports participation (p < 0.05).Furthermore, misconceptions about physical activity were identified as a negative factor influencing sports program diversity (β = -0.193, p < 0.01), whereas willingness to consistently engage in physical activity was a strong positive predictor (β = 0.494, p < 0.01). Longer screen time negatively affected sports program diversity (β = -0.047, p < 0.05), and difficulty completing school physical education requirements was also a limiting factor (β = -0.112, p < 0.05). In contrast, peer influence served as a positive factor promoting sports program diversity (β = 0.071, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Greater diversity in sports program participation is associated with better physical fitness outcomes and contributes to overall health promotion in children and adolescents. Sustained participation in a variety of sports programs requires broader social support, especially from families and peers, which may enable more youth to remain engaged in diverse physical activities. Participation in diverse sports programs can bring lasting benefits and is recognized as a key element of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, more targeted strategies are needed to increase participation in both diverse sports programs and general physical activity among youth.
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spelling doaj-art-5100846764c4480fa99deed6ed5a45132025-08-20T03:42:48ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-15697-zA study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitnessDeqiang Zhao0Xiaoxiao Chen1Aoyu Zhang2Yibei Wang3Yibo Gao4Jin He5Lupei Jiang6Yanfeng Zhang7China Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceChina Institute of Sport ScienceAbstract Leisure-time physical activity has changed over the past few decades. Participation in diverse sports programs by children and adolescents is more conducive to increasing physical activity levels and promoting individual health. The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between adherence to participation in diversity of sports programs and physical fitness among children and adolescents, in addition to analyzing individual attitudinal, family, and school dimensional factors that influence children’s and adolescents’ participation in diversity of sports programs. This study included cross-sectional data from 3309 child adolescents. Next, physical fitness indicators were also included. The study used Pearson correlation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA were used to explore the correlation between diversity and physical fitness in participating sports and the differences in physical fitness between different sports groups. In addition, the linear regression method was used to analyze the impact of diversity on physical fitness. Finally, ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of diversity in participating sports programs.Significant correlations were observed between diversity of participation in sports programs and various physical fitness indicators across all age groups, including muscular strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility (p < 0.01). Additionally, physical fitness levels significantly differed among groups with different numbers of sports participation (p < 0.05).Furthermore, misconceptions about physical activity were identified as a negative factor influencing sports program diversity (β = -0.193, p < 0.01), whereas willingness to consistently engage in physical activity was a strong positive predictor (β = 0.494, p < 0.01). Longer screen time negatively affected sports program diversity (β = -0.047, p < 0.05), and difficulty completing school physical education requirements was also a limiting factor (β = -0.112, p < 0.05). In contrast, peer influence served as a positive factor promoting sports program diversity (β = 0.071, p < 0.01).Conclusion: Greater diversity in sports program participation is associated with better physical fitness outcomes and contributes to overall health promotion in children and adolescents. Sustained participation in a variety of sports programs requires broader social support, especially from families and peers, which may enable more youth to remain engaged in diverse physical activities. Participation in diverse sports programs can bring lasting benefits and is recognized as a key element of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, more targeted strategies are needed to increase participation in both diverse sports programs and general physical activity among youth.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15697-zPhysical activityPhysical fitnessSports programsCross-sectional analysisChildren and adolescents
spellingShingle Deqiang Zhao
Xiaoxiao Chen
Aoyu Zhang
Yibei Wang
Yibo Gao
Jin He
Lupei Jiang
Yanfeng Zhang
A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
Scientific Reports
Physical activity
Physical fitness
Sports programs
Cross-sectional analysis
Children and adolescents
title A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
title_full A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
title_fullStr A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
title_full_unstemmed A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
title_short A study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
title_sort study of the relationship and drivers between participation in sports program diversity and physical fitness
topic Physical activity
Physical fitness
Sports programs
Cross-sectional analysis
Children and adolescents
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15697-z
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