Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate

The utilization of steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material has been limited due to its low hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity. This study investigated the enhancement of the hydration property of steel slag paste and the significant strength development by employing NaHCO3 in aqueous sol...

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Main Authors: Ahyeon Lim, Seohyun Kim, Juhyuk Moon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Case Studies in Construction Materials
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005613
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author Ahyeon Lim
Seohyun Kim
Juhyuk Moon
author_facet Ahyeon Lim
Seohyun Kim
Juhyuk Moon
author_sort Ahyeon Lim
collection DOAJ
description The utilization of steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material has been limited due to its low hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity. This study investigated the enhancement of the hydration property of steel slag paste and the significant strength development by employing NaHCO3 in aqueous solution at various concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). A noticeable increase in compressive strength of pasted sample was observed with the use of 1 % of NaHCO3 (e.g., from 1.7 MPa to 19 MPa). It was confirmed that NaHCO3 accelerated the formation of carbonate-AFm phases (hemicarbonate and monocarbonate) through reactions with mayenite and the consumption of porlandite. As the hydration of steel slag progressed, the addition of NaHCO3 significantly enhanced the reaction of belite through internal carbonation, consequently increasing the production of calcium silicate hydrates and calcite. In this process, the polymorphs of calcium carbonate, such as aragonite and amorphous calcium carbonate, were confirmed. The gradational formation of hydration products has a positive effect on the steady enhancement of compressive strength by densifying the structure of steel slag.
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spelling doaj-art-50ede3ad2ac74fda9257180ef9e02aef2025-08-20T03:52:52ZengElsevierCase Studies in Construction Materials2214-50952025-07-0122e0476310.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04763Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonateAhyeon Lim0Seohyun Kim1Juhyuk Moon2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.The utilization of steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material has been limited due to its low hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity. This study investigated the enhancement of the hydration property of steel slag paste and the significant strength development by employing NaHCO3 in aqueous solution at various concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). A noticeable increase in compressive strength of pasted sample was observed with the use of 1 % of NaHCO3 (e.g., from 1.7 MPa to 19 MPa). It was confirmed that NaHCO3 accelerated the formation of carbonate-AFm phases (hemicarbonate and monocarbonate) through reactions with mayenite and the consumption of porlandite. As the hydration of steel slag progressed, the addition of NaHCO3 significantly enhanced the reaction of belite through internal carbonation, consequently increasing the production of calcium silicate hydrates and calcite. In this process, the polymorphs of calcium carbonate, such as aragonite and amorphous calcium carbonate, were confirmed. The gradational formation of hydration products has a positive effect on the steady enhancement of compressive strength by densifying the structure of steel slag.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005613Alkali activationCompressive strengthHydrationSodium bicarbonateSteel slag
spellingShingle Ahyeon Lim
Seohyun Kim
Juhyuk Moon
Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
Case Studies in Construction Materials
Alkali activation
Compressive strength
Hydration
Sodium bicarbonate
Steel slag
title Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
title_full Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
title_fullStr Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
title_full_unstemmed Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
title_short Ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
title_sort ground steel slag based cementless binder activated by sodium bicarbonate
topic Alkali activation
Compressive strength
Hydration
Sodium bicarbonate
Steel slag
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214509525005613
work_keys_str_mv AT ahyeonlim groundsteelslagbasedcementlessbinderactivatedbysodiumbicarbonate
AT seohyunkim groundsteelslagbasedcementlessbinderactivatedbysodiumbicarbonate
AT juhyukmoon groundsteelslagbasedcementlessbinderactivatedbysodiumbicarbonate