Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread yet often unrecognized problem that affects millions of women worldwide. It is prevalent among marginalized individuals, such as women living with HIV. However, there is a dearth of available evidence concerning this matter among wo...

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Main Authors: Gossa Fetene Abebe, Melsew Setegn Alie, Amanuel Adugna, Nigusie Shifera, Wubetu Agegnehu, Tewodros Yosef, Desalegn Girma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23609-z
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author Gossa Fetene Abebe
Melsew Setegn Alie
Amanuel Adugna
Nigusie Shifera
Wubetu Agegnehu
Tewodros Yosef
Desalegn Girma
author_facet Gossa Fetene Abebe
Melsew Setegn Alie
Amanuel Adugna
Nigusie Shifera
Wubetu Agegnehu
Tewodros Yosef
Desalegn Girma
author_sort Gossa Fetene Abebe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread yet often unrecognized problem that affects millions of women worldwide. It is prevalent among marginalized individuals, such as women living with HIV. However, there is a dearth of available evidence concerning this matter among women living with HIV in East Africa. Objective We systematically reviewed and analyzed the existing evidence on the prevalence of IPV and its associated factors among women living with HIV in East Africa. Methods We included all primary cross-sectional studies published before 20th June/2024. PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, African Journal Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched. To appraise the included studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used. We used the I2 test to determine the heterogeneity of the included studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger’s test. Lastly, the IPV among women living with HIV and its associated factors were presented using pooled proportion and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results Eighteen cross-sectional studies involving 11,168 individuals were included. The pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa was 54.6% (95% CI, 44.1-65.1%). The odds of IPV among women living with HIV in East Africa were high for those with low monthly income (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.32–6.68), alcohol-drinking partners (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.54–3.28), multiple sexual partners (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.52–3.43), experiences of controlling behavior by an intimate partner (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 2.79–7.73), and favorable attitudes towards wife-beating (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.87–3.51). Conclusion In East Africa, the prevalence of IPV among women living with HIV was found to be high. As a result, it is crucial to implement focused and targeted interventions that promote behavioral change. Also, the findings emphasize the necessity of establishing and organizing support networks to address IPV among women living with HIV. Trial registration Registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024565464.
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spelling doaj-art-50d8352ecc0f4d4aa9fabeaa385ef8082025-08-20T04:02:50ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111210.1186/s12889-025-23609-zIntimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysisGossa Fetene Abebe0Melsew Setegn Alie1Amanuel Adugna2Nigusie Shifera3Wubetu Agegnehu4Tewodros Yosef5Desalegn Girma6Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversityDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversityDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversitySchool of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversityDepartment of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan - Tepi UniversityAbstract Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread yet often unrecognized problem that affects millions of women worldwide. It is prevalent among marginalized individuals, such as women living with HIV. However, there is a dearth of available evidence concerning this matter among women living with HIV in East Africa. Objective We systematically reviewed and analyzed the existing evidence on the prevalence of IPV and its associated factors among women living with HIV in East Africa. Methods We included all primary cross-sectional studies published before 20th June/2024. PubMed, HINARI, Web of Science, African Journal Online, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched. To appraise the included studies, the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was used. We used the I2 test to determine the heterogeneity of the included studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot and Egger’s test. Lastly, the IPV among women living with HIV and its associated factors were presented using pooled proportion and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval. Results Eighteen cross-sectional studies involving 11,168 individuals were included. The pooled prevalence of intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa was 54.6% (95% CI, 44.1-65.1%). The odds of IPV among women living with HIV in East Africa were high for those with low monthly income (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.32–6.68), alcohol-drinking partners (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.54–3.28), multiple sexual partners (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.52–3.43), experiences of controlling behavior by an intimate partner (OR: 4.65, 95% CI: 2.79–7.73), and favorable attitudes towards wife-beating (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.87–3.51). Conclusion In East Africa, the prevalence of IPV among women living with HIV was found to be high. As a result, it is crucial to implement focused and targeted interventions that promote behavioral change. Also, the findings emphasize the necessity of establishing and organizing support networks to address IPV among women living with HIV. Trial registration Registered in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42024565464.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23609-zIntimate partner violenceWomen living with HIVEast AfricaSystematic Review
spellingShingle Gossa Fetene Abebe
Melsew Setegn Alie
Amanuel Adugna
Nigusie Shifera
Wubetu Agegnehu
Tewodros Yosef
Desalegn Girma
Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BMC Public Health
Intimate partner violence
Women living with HIV
East Africa
Systematic Review
title Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Intimate partner violence among women living with HIV in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort intimate partner violence among women living with hiv in east africa a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Intimate partner violence
Women living with HIV
East Africa
Systematic Review
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23609-z
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