Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications

Hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are prized for their high capacity, durability, cost-efficiency, environmental sustainability, and safety. The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs, however, the unclear role of metallic ash elements dur...

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Main Authors: Chun Wu, Wenjie Huang, Yinghao Zhang, Qinghang Chen, Li Li, Yajun Zhang, Xingqiao Wu, Shu-Lei Chou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2025-05-01
Series:eScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667141725000011
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author Chun Wu
Wenjie Huang
Yinghao Zhang
Qinghang Chen
Li Li
Yajun Zhang
Xingqiao Wu
Shu-Lei Chou
author_facet Chun Wu
Wenjie Huang
Yinghao Zhang
Qinghang Chen
Li Li
Yajun Zhang
Xingqiao Wu
Shu-Lei Chou
author_sort Chun Wu
collection DOAJ
description Hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are prized for their high capacity, durability, cost-efficiency, environmental sustainability, and safety. The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs, however, the unclear role of metallic ash elements during carbonization and the electrochemical sodium storage process presents challenges for advancing HC design concepts. In this review, the traditional role of metallic ash element realized in the past and the deep understanding by a new sight from the view of intrinsic types in precursor matrix are initially introduced. Subsequently, the effect of catalyzing graphitization degree, constructing pore structure, tuning SEI formation and tailoring defects of the HCs regulated by extrinsic factors introduced through experimental conditions in recent years are comprehensively summarized. Additionally, future development prospects and perspectives on the research about metallic ash element in HC are also briefly outlined. It is believed that this review can deliver noteworthy viewpoints by introducing metallic ash elements, for the continued development of adjusting the microstructure of HCs at the nanoscale to actualize high-performance SIBs.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2667-1417
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
record_format Article
series eScience
spelling doaj-art-50d06e71a06646d3a301a1cf48375ded2025-08-20T01:50:20ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.eScience2667-14172025-05-015310037110.1016/j.esci.2025.100371Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applicationsChun Wu0Wenjie Huang1Yinghao Zhang2Qinghang Chen3Li Li4Yajun Zhang5Xingqiao Wu6Shu-Lei Chou7Institute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, ChinaInstitute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, ChinaInstitute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, ChinaWenzhouNaTech New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou National University Science and Technology Park Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325035, ChinaInstitute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Corresponding authors.Institute for Carbon Neutralization Technology, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou 325035, China; WenzhouNaTech New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Wenzhou National University Science and Technology Park Wenzhou, Wenzhou 325035, China; Corresponding authors.Hard carbon (HC) anodes in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are prized for their high capacity, durability, cost-efficiency, environmental sustainability, and safety. The metallic ash elements in HCs inevitably affect the overall performance of SIBs, however, the unclear role of metallic ash elements during carbonization and the electrochemical sodium storage process presents challenges for advancing HC design concepts. In this review, the traditional role of metallic ash element realized in the past and the deep understanding by a new sight from the view of intrinsic types in precursor matrix are initially introduced. Subsequently, the effect of catalyzing graphitization degree, constructing pore structure, tuning SEI formation and tailoring defects of the HCs regulated by extrinsic factors introduced through experimental conditions in recent years are comprehensively summarized. Additionally, future development prospects and perspectives on the research about metallic ash element in HC are also briefly outlined. It is believed that this review can deliver noteworthy viewpoints by introducing metallic ash elements, for the continued development of adjusting the microstructure of HCs at the nanoscale to actualize high-performance SIBs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667141725000011Hard carbonSodium-ion batteryMetallic ash elementsCatalyzing graphitization degreeConstructing pore structure
spellingShingle Chun Wu
Wenjie Huang
Yinghao Zhang
Qinghang Chen
Li Li
Yajun Zhang
Xingqiao Wu
Shu-Lei Chou
Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
eScience
Hard carbon
Sodium-ion battery
Metallic ash elements
Catalyzing graphitization degree
Constructing pore structure
title Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
title_full Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
title_fullStr Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
title_full_unstemmed Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
title_short Revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium-ion battery applications
title_sort revisiting the critical role of metallic ash elements in the development of hard carbon for advancing sodium ion battery applications
topic Hard carbon
Sodium-ion battery
Metallic ash elements
Catalyzing graphitization degree
Constructing pore structure
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667141725000011
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