Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity
Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have gained significant attention due to their excellent bioavailability, low toxicity, and diverse applications in the medical and industrial fields. In this study, ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs were synthesized using zirconyl oxyc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/84 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587796443824128 |
|---|---|
| author | Arumugam Kathirvel Ramalingam Srinivasan Sathasivam Harini Natarajan Ranjith Govindan Suresh Kumar Kesavan Lalithambigai Raji Atchudan Mohamed A. Habila Ahmed M. Aljuwayid Hae Keun Yun |
| author_facet | Arumugam Kathirvel Ramalingam Srinivasan Sathasivam Harini Natarajan Ranjith Govindan Suresh Kumar Kesavan Lalithambigai Raji Atchudan Mohamed A. Habila Ahmed M. Aljuwayid Hae Keun Yun |
| author_sort | Arumugam Kathirvel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have gained significant attention due to their excellent bioavailability, low toxicity, and diverse applications in the medical and industrial fields. In this study, ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs were synthesized using zirconyl oxychloride and the aqueous leaf extract of <i>Toddalia asiatica</i> as a stabilizing agent. Analytical techniques, including various spectroscopy methods and electron microscopy, confirmed the formation of aggregated spherical ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ranging from 15 to 30 nm in size, with mixed-phase structure composed of tetragonal and monoclinic structures. UV–visible spectroscopy showed a characteristic band at 281 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.7 eV, indicating effective stabilization by the phytochemicals in <i>T</i>. <i>asiatica</i>. EDX analysis revealed that the NPs contained 37.18 mol.% zirconium (Zr) and 62.82 mol.% oxygen. The ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity, degrading over 95% of methylene blue dye after 3 h of sunlight exposure. Additionally, the ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited strong antibacterial effects, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria such as <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, and significant antioxidant activity, with low IC<sub>50</sub> values for hydroxyl radical scavenging. In conclusion, the green synthesis of ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs using <i>T</i>. <i>asiatica</i> leaf extract is an effective, eco-friendly method that produces nanoparticles with remarkable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic properties, highlighting their potential for applications in water treatment, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-50c8acc0e9b245e98b5932ebdca1454f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-50c8acc0e9b245e98b5932ebdca1454f2025-01-24T13:44:04ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-011528410.3390/nano15020084Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial ActivityArumugam Kathirvel0Ramalingam Srinivasan1Sathasivam Harini2Natarajan Ranjith3Govindan Suresh Kumar4Kesavan Lalithambigai5Raji Atchudan6Mohamed A. Habila7Ahmed M. Aljuwayid8Hae Keun Yun9Department of Chemistry, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Horticulture & Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Physics, K. S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Physics, K. S. R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Horticulture & Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of KoreaZirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs) have gained significant attention due to their excellent bioavailability, low toxicity, and diverse applications in the medical and industrial fields. In this study, ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs were synthesized using zirconyl oxychloride and the aqueous leaf extract of <i>Toddalia asiatica</i> as a stabilizing agent. Analytical techniques, including various spectroscopy methods and electron microscopy, confirmed the formation of aggregated spherical ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs, ranging from 15 to 30 nm in size, with mixed-phase structure composed of tetragonal and monoclinic structures. UV–visible spectroscopy showed a characteristic band at 281 nm with a bandgap energy of 3.7 eV, indicating effective stabilization by the phytochemicals in <i>T</i>. <i>asiatica</i>. EDX analysis revealed that the NPs contained 37.18 mol.% zirconium (Zr) and 62.82 mol.% oxygen. The ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity, degrading over 95% of methylene blue dye after 3 h of sunlight exposure. Additionally, the ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited strong antibacterial effects, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria such as <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>, and significant antioxidant activity, with low IC<sub>50</sub> values for hydroxyl radical scavenging. In conclusion, the green synthesis of ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs using <i>T</i>. <i>asiatica</i> leaf extract is an effective, eco-friendly method that produces nanoparticles with remarkable antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic properties, highlighting their potential for applications in water treatment, environmental remediation, and biomedicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/84zirconium dioxide NPsantioxidantantimicrobialphotocatalytic dye degradation |
| spellingShingle | Arumugam Kathirvel Ramalingam Srinivasan Sathasivam Harini Natarajan Ranjith Govindan Suresh Kumar Kesavan Lalithambigai Raji Atchudan Mohamed A. Habila Ahmed M. Aljuwayid Hae Keun Yun Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity Nanomaterials zirconium dioxide NPs antioxidant antimicrobial photocatalytic dye degradation |
| title | Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full | Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_fullStr | Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_short | Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Zirconium Dioxide Nanoparticles from <i>Toddalia asiatica</i>: Applications in Dye Degradation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity |
| title_sort | eco friendly synthesis of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles from i toddalia asiatica i applications in dye degradation antioxidant and antibacterial activity |
| topic | zirconium dioxide NPs antioxidant antimicrobial photocatalytic dye degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/84 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arumugamkathirvel ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT ramalingamsrinivasan ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT sathasivamharini ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT natarajanranjith ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT govindansureshkumar ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT kesavanlalithambigai ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT rajiatchudan ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT mohamedahabila ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT ahmedmaljuwayid ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity AT haekeunyun ecofriendlysynthesisofzirconiumdioxidenanoparticlesfromitoddaliaasiaticaiapplicationsindyedegradationantioxidantandantibacterialactivity |