Do Fintech Lenders Align Pricing with Risk? Evidence from a Model-Based Assessment of Conforming Mortgages

This paper assesses whether fintech mortgage lenders align pricing with borrower risk using conforming 30-year mortgages (2012–2020). We estimate default probabilities using machine learning (logit, random forest, gradient boosting, LightGBM, XGBoost), finding that non-fintech lenders achieve the hi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zilong Liu, Hongyan Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:FinTech
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2674-1032/4/2/23
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Summary:This paper assesses whether fintech mortgage lenders align pricing with borrower risk using conforming 30-year mortgages (2012–2020). We estimate default probabilities using machine learning (logit, random forest, gradient boosting, LightGBM, XGBoost), finding that non-fintech lenders achieve the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.860), followed closely by banks (0.857), with fintech lenders trailing (0.852). In pricing analysis, banks adjust the origination rates most sharply with borrower risk (7.20 basis points per percentage-point increase in default probability) compared to fintech (4.18 bp) and non-fintech lenders (5.43 bp). Fintechs underprice 32% of high-risk loans, highlighting limited incentive alignment under GSE securitization structures. Expanding the allowable alternative data and modest risk-retention policies could enhance fintechs’ analytical effectiveness in mortgage markets.
ISSN:2674-1032