Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family self-management (IFSM) education program on triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, self-management, and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods: A multicentre randomiz...

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Main Authors: Yohanes Andy Rias, Ratsiri Thato, Margareta Teli, Ferry Efendi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Nursing Sciences
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013225000729
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author Yohanes Andy Rias
Ratsiri Thato
Margareta Teli
Ferry Efendi
author_facet Yohanes Andy Rias
Ratsiri Thato
Margareta Teli
Ferry Efendi
author_sort Yohanes Andy Rias
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family self-management (IFSM) education program on triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, self-management, and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods: A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed. The study included 68 dyads (adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member) that were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 34) and control groups (n = 34) from March to September 2024. Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program, whereas those in the control group received standard routine care. An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels. The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management, respectively. Results: A total of 67 participants completed the intervention. The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significant interaction between group and time. The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management (β = 16.68; 95 %CI = 15.23, 18.09; P < 0.001), lower diabetes distress (β = −30.74; 95 %CI = −32.57, −28.90; P < 0.001), and lower TyG index (β = −1.97; 95 %CI = −2.41, −1.53; P < 0.001) than the control group. Conclusions: The findings documented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress, which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.
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spelling doaj-art-50b4a4d3feb244f180f85227161b739e2025-08-20T03:56:14ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Nursing Sciences2352-01322025-07-0112432032710.1016/j.ijnss.2025.06.001Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trialYohanes Andy Rias0Ratsiri Thato1Margareta Teli2Ferry Efendi3Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Health, College of Nursing, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata, Kediri, Indonesia; Center of Excellence for Enhancing Well-being in Vulnerable and Chronic Illness Population, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandFaculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Enhancing Well-being in Vulnerable and Chronic Illness Population, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Corresponding author. Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.Nursing School, Polytechnic of Health Ministry of Health Kupang, Kupang, IndonesiaDepartment of Advanced Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, AustraliaObjectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an individual and family self-management (IFSM) education program on triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, self-management, and diabetes distress among adults with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). Methods: A multicentre randomized controlled trial was employed. The study included 68 dyads (adults with uncontrolled T2DM and one family member) that were randomly allocated to the intervention (n = 34) and control groups (n = 34) from March to September 2024. Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week IFSM education program, whereas those in the control group received standard routine care. An automated hematology analyzer XP-100 was used to evaluate triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels. The Diabetes Distress Scale and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire were used to measure diabetes distress and self-management, respectively. Results: A total of 67 participants completed the intervention. The generalized estimating equation demonstrated a significant interaction between group and time. The IFSM education intervention group had a higher diabetes self-management (β = 16.68; 95 %CI = 15.23, 18.09; P < 0.001), lower diabetes distress (β = −30.74; 95 %CI = −32.57, −28.90; P < 0.001), and lower TyG index (β = −1.97; 95 %CI = −2.41, −1.53; P < 0.001) than the control group. Conclusions: The findings documented the capacity of IFSM education to reduce TyG and diabetes distress, which could potentially escalate diabetes self-management among individuals with T2DM.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013225000729Diabetes distressIndividual and family self-managementNursingTriglyceride-glucose indexType 2 diabetes
spellingShingle Yohanes Andy Rias
Ratsiri Thato
Margareta Teli
Ferry Efendi
Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
International Journal of Nursing Sciences
Diabetes distress
Individual and family self-management
Nursing
Triglyceride-glucose index
Type 2 diabetes
title Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_full Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_short Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
title_sort effectiveness of a theory based tailored individual and family self management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes a randomized controlled trial
topic Diabetes distress
Individual and family self-management
Nursing
Triglyceride-glucose index
Type 2 diabetes
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352013225000729
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