A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess
We present an extensive temporal and spectral study of the Seyfert 1 AGN Mrk 50 using 15 yr (2007–2022) of multiwavelength observations from XMM-Newton, Swift, and NuSTAR for the first time. From the timing analysis, we found that the source exhibited variability of ∼20% during the 2007 observation,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adabc0 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850231146694049792 |
|---|---|
| author | Narendranath Layek Prantik Nandi Sachindra Naik Arghajit Jana |
| author_facet | Narendranath Layek Prantik Nandi Sachindra Naik Arghajit Jana |
| author_sort | Narendranath Layek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present an extensive temporal and spectral study of the Seyfert 1 AGN Mrk 50 using 15 yr (2007–2022) of multiwavelength observations from XMM-Newton, Swift, and NuSTAR for the first time. From the timing analysis, we found that the source exhibited variability of ∼20% during the 2007 observation, which reduced to below 10% in the subsequent observations and became nonvariable in the observations from 2010 onward. From the spectral study, we found that the spectra are nearly featureless. Nondetection of absorption in the low-energy domain during the 15 yr of observation infers the absence of obscuration around the central engine, rendering the nucleus a “bare” type. A prominent soft X-ray excess below 2 keV was detected in the source spectrum during the observations between 2007 and 2010, which vanished during the later observations. To describe the nature of the soft excess, we use two physical models, such as warm Comptonization and blurred reflection from the ionized accretion disk. Both of the physical models explain the nature and origin of the soft excess in this source. Our analysis found that Mrk 50 accretes at a sub-Eddington accretion rate ( λ _Edd = 0.13–0.02) during all of the observations used in this work. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5091bfa28ca1414f8bbc5c3c0645e972 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-5091bfa28ca1414f8bbc5c3c0645e9722025-08-20T02:03:38ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198117410.3847/1538-4357/adabc0A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft ExcessNarendranath Layek0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8761-1798Prantik Nandi1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3840-0571Sachindra Naik2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2865-4666Arghajit Jana3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7500-5752Astronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory , Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India ; narendral@prl.res.in, narendranathlayek2017@gmail.com; Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar , Palaj, Gandhinagar 382055, Gujarat, IndiaIndian Centre for Space Physics , 466 Barakhola, Netaji Nagar, Kolkata, 700099, IndiaAstronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory , Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India ; narendral@prl.res.in, narendranathlayek2017@gmail.comInstituto de Estudios Astrofísicos , Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, ChileWe present an extensive temporal and spectral study of the Seyfert 1 AGN Mrk 50 using 15 yr (2007–2022) of multiwavelength observations from XMM-Newton, Swift, and NuSTAR for the first time. From the timing analysis, we found that the source exhibited variability of ∼20% during the 2007 observation, which reduced to below 10% in the subsequent observations and became nonvariable in the observations from 2010 onward. From the spectral study, we found that the spectra are nearly featureless. Nondetection of absorption in the low-energy domain during the 15 yr of observation infers the absence of obscuration around the central engine, rendering the nucleus a “bare” type. A prominent soft X-ray excess below 2 keV was detected in the source spectrum during the observations between 2007 and 2010, which vanished during the later observations. To describe the nature of the soft excess, we use two physical models, such as warm Comptonization and blurred reflection from the ionized accretion disk. Both of the physical models explain the nature and origin of the soft excess in this source. Our analysis found that Mrk 50 accretes at a sub-Eddington accretion rate ( λ _Edd = 0.13–0.02) during all of the observations used in this work.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adabc0Active galactic nucleiX-ray active galactic nucleiSeyfert galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Narendranath Layek Prantik Nandi Sachindra Naik Arghajit Jana A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess The Astrophysical Journal Active galactic nuclei X-ray active galactic nuclei Seyfert galaxies |
| title | A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess |
| title_full | A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess |
| title_fullStr | A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess |
| title_short | A Long-term Study of Mrk 50: Appearance and Disappearance of Soft Excess |
| title_sort | long term study of mrk 50 appearance and disappearance of soft excess |
| topic | Active galactic nuclei X-ray active galactic nuclei Seyfert galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adabc0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT narendranathlayek alongtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT prantiknandi alongtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT sachindranaik alongtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT arghajitjana alongtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT narendranathlayek longtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT prantiknandi longtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT sachindranaik longtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess AT arghajitjana longtermstudyofmrk50appearanceanddisappearanceofsoftexcess |