Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models
Abstract The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE), an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue. Traditional approaches relying on two...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Cell Regeneration |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00225-1 |
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| author | Raffaella De Pace Maria Rosa Iaquinta Assia Benkhalqui Antonio D’Agostino Lorenzo Trevisiol Riccardo Nocini Chiara Mazziotta John Charles Rotondo Ilaria Bononi Mauro Tognon Fernanda Martini Elisa Mazzoni |
| author_facet | Raffaella De Pace Maria Rosa Iaquinta Assia Benkhalqui Antonio D’Agostino Lorenzo Trevisiol Riccardo Nocini Chiara Mazziotta John Charles Rotondo Ilaria Bononi Mauro Tognon Fernanda Martini Elisa Mazzoni |
| author_sort | Raffaella De Pace |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE), an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue. Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional (2D) models have exhibited significant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment. In response to these challenges, 3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as effective tools for studying bone regeneration. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context, as they can differentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair. Furthermore, the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing. Advanced technologies like microfluidics offer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture, facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration. These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health. In this review, we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth, starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfluids. The different methodologies of in vitro model generation, cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-507c196fe76b49bab9f56fcba1b1bf05 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-9769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Regeneration |
| spelling | doaj-art-507c196fe76b49bab9f56fcba1b1bf052025-08-20T02:41:34ZengSpringerOpenCell Regeneration2045-97692025-03-0114112210.1186/s13619-025-00225-1Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D modelsRaffaella De Pace0Maria Rosa Iaquinta1Assia Benkhalqui2Antonio D’Agostino3Lorenzo Trevisiol4Riccardo Nocini5Chiara Mazziotta6John Charles Rotondo7Ilaria Bononi8Mauro Tognon9Fernanda Martini10Elisa Mazzoni11Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Surgery, University of VeronaCentre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of TrentoDepartment of Surgery, University of VeronaDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraCentralized Laboratory of Pre-Clinical Research, University of FerraraDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of FerraraDepartment of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of FerraraAbstract The increasing incidence of bone diseases has driven research towards Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE), an innovative discipline that uses biomaterials to develop three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds capable of mimicking the natural environment of bone tissue. Traditional approaches relying on two-dimensional (2D) models have exhibited significant limitations in simulating cellular interactions and the complexity of the bone microenvironment. In response to these challenges, 3D models such as organoids and cellular spheroids have emerged as effective tools for studying bone regeneration. Adult mesenchymal stem cells have proven crucial in this context, as they can differentiate into osteoblasts and contribute to bone tissue repair. Furthermore, the integration of composite biomaterials has shown substantial potential in enhancing bone healing. Advanced technologies like microfluidics offer additional opportunities to create controlled environments for cell culture, facilitating more detailed studies on bone regeneration. These advancements represent a fundamental step forward in the treatment of bone pathologies and the promotion of skeletal health. In this review, we report on the evolution of in vitro culture models applied to the study of bone healing/regrowth, starting from 2 to 3D cultures and microfluids. The different methodologies of in vitro model generation, cells and biomaterials are presented and discussed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00225-1Bone regenerationCell-ECM interactionStem cellBiomaterial3D in vitro modelMicrofluidic |
| spellingShingle | Raffaella De Pace Maria Rosa Iaquinta Assia Benkhalqui Antonio D’Agostino Lorenzo Trevisiol Riccardo Nocini Chiara Mazziotta John Charles Rotondo Ilaria Bononi Mauro Tognon Fernanda Martini Elisa Mazzoni Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models Cell Regeneration Bone regeneration Cell-ECM interaction Stem cell Biomaterial 3D in vitro model Microfluidic |
| title | Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models |
| title_full | Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models |
| title_fullStr | Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models |
| title_short | Revolutionizing bone healing: the role of 3D models |
| title_sort | revolutionizing bone healing the role of 3d models |
| topic | Bone regeneration Cell-ECM interaction Stem cell Biomaterial 3D in vitro model Microfluidic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13619-025-00225-1 |
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