Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission
Providing Optical Wireless Communications (OWCs) is desirable for high data transmission efficiency. Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) is widely adopted for its simplicity and practicality. Among various modulation schemes, Code Shift Keying (CSK) has demonstrated superior transmissi...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| author | Nobuyoshi Komuro Hiromasa Habuchi |
| author_facet | Nobuyoshi Komuro Hiromasa Habuchi |
| author_sort | Nobuyoshi Komuro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Providing Optical Wireless Communications (OWCs) is desirable for high data transmission efficiency. Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) is widely adopted for its simplicity and practicality. Among various modulation schemes, Code Shift Keying (CSK) has demonstrated superior transmission efficiency compared to On-Off Keying (OOK) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). Prior research has shown that CSK performance can be further enhanced through parallel transmission and code concatenation techniques. However, the direct application of concatenated CSK to parallel transmission reduces the number of available code combinations as the concatenation level increases, potentially lowering modulation efficiency. This study proposes an advanced transmission scheme that integrates parallel transmission with a multi-level intensity adjustment mechanism. The proposed method preserves a high number of distinguishable transmission symbols, thereby achieving higher data transmission rates. Analytical derivations for transmission efficiency are provided for single-user scenarios, and numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The key contributions of this work include mitigating symbol reduction in nonorthogonal CSK with parallel transmission and adjusting the multi-level intensity to enhance overall system performance. The results confirm that the proposed scheme significantly improves the efficiency and scalability of nonorthogonal CSK in OWC applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-506859e0795844a3ba0cbdfa099aa733 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-506859e0795844a3ba0cbdfa099aa7332025-08-20T03:11:22ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-02-0112216610.3390/photonics12020166Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel TransmissionNobuyoshi Komuro0Hiromasa Habuchi1Digital Transformation Enhancement Council, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, JapanDepartment of Information and Sciences, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, JapanProviding Optical Wireless Communications (OWCs) is desirable for high data transmission efficiency. Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection (IM/DD) is widely adopted for its simplicity and practicality. Among various modulation schemes, Code Shift Keying (CSK) has demonstrated superior transmission efficiency compared to On-Off Keying (OOK) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). Prior research has shown that CSK performance can be further enhanced through parallel transmission and code concatenation techniques. However, the direct application of concatenated CSK to parallel transmission reduces the number of available code combinations as the concatenation level increases, potentially lowering modulation efficiency. This study proposes an advanced transmission scheme that integrates parallel transmission with a multi-level intensity adjustment mechanism. The proposed method preserves a high number of distinguishable transmission symbols, thereby achieving higher data transmission rates. Analytical derivations for transmission efficiency are provided for single-user scenarios, and numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The key contributions of this work include mitigating symbol reduction in nonorthogonal CSK with parallel transmission and adjusting the multi-level intensity to enhance overall system performance. The results confirm that the proposed scheme significantly improves the efficiency and scalability of nonorthogonal CSK in OWC applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/166optical wireless communication (OWC)intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD)code shift keyingparallel transmission |
| spellingShingle | Nobuyoshi Komuro Hiromasa Habuchi Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission Photonics optical wireless communication (OWC) intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) code shift keying parallel transmission |
| title | Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission |
| title_full | Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission |
| title_fullStr | Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission |
| title_short | Design and Analysis of Enhanced IM/DD System with Nonorthogonal Code Shift Keying and Parallel Transmission |
| title_sort | design and analysis of enhanced im dd system with nonorthogonal code shift keying and parallel transmission |
| topic | optical wireless communication (OWC) intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) code shift keying parallel transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/2/166 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nobuyoshikomuro designandanalysisofenhancedimddsystemwithnonorthogonalcodeshiftkeyingandparalleltransmission AT hiromasahabuchi designandanalysisofenhancedimddsystemwithnonorthogonalcodeshiftkeyingandparalleltransmission |